Table 4 Preoperative and operative risk factors for Western versus Developing worlds
Factor | Whole study | Western | Developing | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoker (N—%) | 303–35.4 | 231–52.9 | 72–17.2 | < 0.0001 |
Coronary disease in family (N—%) | 145–17.0 | 127–29.1 | 18–4.3 | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes (N—%) | 98–11.5 | 66–15.1 | 32–7.7 | 0.0004 |
High cholesterol (N—%) | 221–25.8 | 193–44.2 | 28–6.7 | < 0.0001 |
Preoperative creatinine (mean—SD) | 89.8–65.1 | 98.1–91.0 | 83.1–28.4 | 0.001 |
Renal failure (N—%) | 35–4.1 | 19–4.3 | 16–3.8 | 0.711 |
Hypertension (N—%) | 329–38.5 | 243–55.6 | 86–20.6 | < 0.0001 |
History of CVA (N—%) | 45–5.3 | 24–5.5 | 21–5.0 | 0.743 |
Previous endocarditis (N—%) | 37–4.3 | 19–4.3 | 18–4.3 | 0.989 |
Existing COPD (N—%) | 81–9.5 | 61–14.0 | 20–4.8 | < 0.0001 |
Immunosuppressed (N—%) | 12–1.4 | 11–2.5 | 1–0.2 | 0.003 |
Peripheral vascular disease (N—%) | 23–2.7 | 18–4.1 | 5–1.2 | 0.009 |
Carotid vascular disease (N—%) | 45–5.3 | 26–5.9 | 19–4.6 | 0.395 |
Previous cardiac surgery (N—%) | 124–14.5 | 54–12.4 | 71–17.0 | 0.057 |
Previous MI (N—%) | 41–4.8 | 36–8.2 | 5–1.2 | < 0.0001 |
Congestive heart failure (N—%) | 217–25.4 | 95–21.7 | 122–29.3 | 0.011 |
Angina (N—%) | 116–13.6 | 90–20.6 | 26–6.2 | < 0.0001 |
Cardiogenic shock (n—%) | 4–0.5 | 1–0.2 | 3–0.7 | 0.272 |
Resuscitation (N—%) | 5–0.6 | 2–0.5 | 3–0.7 | 0.705 |
Ejection fraction % (mean—SD) | 55.5–11.5 | 56.3–12.9 | 54.9–10.2 | 0.080 |
Preoperative Status (N—%) | ||||
Elective | 657–84.0 | 321–88.2 | 336–80.4 | 0.023 |
Urgent | 119–15.2 | 40–11.0 | 79–18.9 | |
Emergent | 6–0.8 | 3–0.8 | 3–0.7 | |
Aortic valve percentage | 502–58.7 | 381–87.2 | 121–29.0 | < 0.0001 |
Concomitant procedures (N—%) | 286–33.4 | 133–30.4 | 153–36.7 | 0.051 |
Intraoperative AE’s (N—%) | 76–8.9 | 56–12.8 | 20–4.8 | < 0.0001 |