Table 1 Cox regression analysis for atrial fibrillation recurrence
From: The fate of patients after failed epicardial ablation of atrial fibrillation
Patients with SR at follow up | Patients with failed ablation | Total/mean | Univariate | Multivariate | Hazard Ratio | 95% confidence interval | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%/ ± SD | p value | p value | Upper | Lower | |||||
Age, mean (SD) | 63 ± 10 | 63 ± 10 | 63.08 | ± 9.85 | 0.44 | ||||
Type of ablation (bipolar) | 314 (72%) | 84 (73.7%) | 398 | 72.5 | 0.857 | ||||
Complications, intraop | 4 (0.9%) | 3 (2.6%) | 7 | 1.15 | 0.118 | 0.037 | 0.208 | 0,048 | 0,907 |
Complications, postop | 3 (0.7%) | 8 (7%) | 11 | 1.81 | 0.64 | ||||
AF Rhythm (paroxysmal) | 209 (48%) | 76 (66.7%) | 285 | 46.80 | 0.527 | ||||
AF Rhythm at discharge | 20 (4.6%) | 10 (8.8%) | 30 | 4.93 | 0.781 | ||||
Follow-up | |||||||||
Atrial fibrillation at follow-up | 0 | 114 | 114 | 20.8 | n.a | ||||
Ejection fraction, mean (SD) | 54 ± 6 | 55 ± 6 | 54.54 | ± 5.749 | 0.486 | ||||
Ejection fraction at follow-up, mean (SD) | 54 ± 6 | 45 ± 11 | 52.38 | ± 8.153 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.942 | 0.920 | 0.964 |
NYHA class | 1 | 1 ± 1 | 1.11 | ± 0.351 | 0.000 | n.s | – | ||
Gained 10 kg | 17 (3.9%) | 9 (7.9%) | 26 | 4.7 | 0.21 | ||||
Continued smoking | 25 (5.7%) | 20 (17.5%) | 45 | 8.2 | 0.044 | n.s | – | ||
Continued drinking | 12 (2.7%) | 15 (13.1%) | 27 | 4.9 | 0.000 | n.s | – | ||
CPAP at follow-up | 20 (4.6%) | 11 (9.6%) | 31 | 7.6 | 0.022 | n.s | – | ||
Hypertension at follow-up | 124 (28%) | 49 (43%) | 173 | 33.7 | 0.241 | ||||
Diabetes at follow-up | 25 (5.7%) | 11 (9.6%) | 36 | 6.6 | 0.858 | ||||
Caffeine consumption | 16 (3.7%) | 28 (24.6%) | 44 | 7.22 | 0.000 | n.s | – | ||
EHRA score mean (SD) | 1 | 1 ± 1 | 1.08 | ± 0.292 | 0.065 | 0.008 | 0.192 | 0.057 | 0.644 |
Hospitalization for cardiac causes | 9 (2%) | 33 (28.9%) | 42 | 6.90 | 0.000 | n.s | – | ||
Cerebrovascular event at follow-up | 20 (4.6%) | 8 (7%) | 28 | 4.60 | 0.017 | n.s | – | ||
Cognitive impairment or depression | 4 (0.9%) | 36 (31.6%) | 40 | 6.57 | 0.000 | 0.010 | 1.746 | 1.143 | 2.668 |