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Table 1 General characteristics of study subjects receiving 3rd and 1st generation prophylactic antibiotics

From: The effect of first- and third-generation prophylactic antibiotics on hospitalization and medical expenditures for cardiac surgery

Variables

3rd generation (n = 216)

1st generation (n = 266)

p value

SD (%)

3rd generation (n = 194)

1st generation (n = 194)

p value

SD (%)

Preoperative

Gender

 Male

130 (60.2)

186 (69.9)

0.028*

− 44.6

121 (62.3)

129 (66.5)

0.682

− 1.1

 Female

86 (39.8)

80 (30.1)

  

73 (37.7)

65 (33.5)

  

Age, years

63.4 ± 11.4

64.2 ± 11.9

0.446

− 15.3

63.4 ± 10.8

63.6 ± 12.8

0.596

− 2.2

 < 70 years

128 (59.3)

153 (57.5)

0.281

28.6

119 (61.3)

118 (60.8)

0.841

4.9

 ≥ 70 years

88 (40.7)

113 (42.5)

  

75 (38.7)

76 (39.1)

  

Obesity

 BMI < 25

158 (73.1)

184 (69.2)

0.024*

41.1

143 (73.7)

144 (74.3)

0.955

− 1.6

 BMI ≥ 25

58 (26.9)

82 (30.8)

  

51 (26.3)

50 (25.7)

  

Smoker

82 (37.9)

110 (41.3)

0.086

− 28.4

74 (38.1)

70 (36.1)

0.211

7.6

Hypertension

149 (69.1)

204 (76.7)

0.042*

− 48.6

125 (64.4)

131 (67.5)

0.224

− 8.1

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

61 (28.2)

90 (33.8)

0.112

− 13.4

53 (27.3)

52 (26.8)

0.918

0.7

Hypercholesterolemia

24 (11.1)

34 (12.8)

0.441

− 10.2

20 (10.3)

19 (9.8)

0.868

0.7

Dialysis

11 (5.1)

18 (6.8)

0.404

− 9.8

9 (4.6)

10 (5.1)

0.644

− 0.8

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

14 (6.5)

21 (7.9)

0.702

0.8

13 (6.7)

14 (7.2)

0.851

− 0.9

Peripheral vascular disease

13 (6.0)

22 (4.7)

0.343

12.0

9 (4.6)

14 (7.2)

0.186

− 7.2

LV dysfunction

 EF < 30% poor

22 (10.2)

25 (9.4)

0.481

2.9

19 (9.8)

21 (10.8)

0.657

− 3.7

 EF 30–50% moderate

56 (25.9)

80 (30.1)

  

51 (26.3)

59 (30.4)

  

 EF > 50%

138 (63.9)

161 (60.1)

  

124 (63.9)

114 (58.8)

  

EuroSCORE risk index

 Category 1 (≤ 2)

112 (51.8)

137 (51.5)

< 0.001

− 51.5

101 (51.9)

100 (51.5)

0.388

10.6

 Category 2 (3–5)

56 (26.0)

102 (38.4)

  

51 (26.2)

72 (37.1)

  

 Category 3 (≥ 6)

48 (22.2)

27 (10.1)

  

42 (21.9)

22 (11.4)

  

Intraoperative

Surgical status

 Elective

185 (85.7)

237 (89.1)

0.110

− 7.6

172 (88.7)

174 (89.7)

0.249

9.3

 Urgent

24 (11.1)

19 (7.2)

  

17 (8.7)

14 (7.2)

  

 Emergency

7 (3.2)

10 (3.7)

  

5 (2.6)

6 (3.1)

  

Type of surgery

 CABG

113 (52.2)

151 (56.7)

0.382

11.4

105 (54.1)

114 (58.7)

0.676

− 0.8

 Valve surgery

98 (45.3)

112 (42.1)

  

86 (44.3)

77 (39.7)

  

 Combined CV

5 (2.5)

3 (1.1)

  

3 (1.6)

3 (1.6)

  

Internal thoracic artery

 Harvested No

84 (38.9)

111 (41.7)

0.187

− 10.2

73 (37.6)

76 (39.2)

0.280

− 9.8

 Harvested left only

106 (49.1)

111 (41.7)

  

98 (50.5)

87 (44.9)

  

 Harvested both

26 (12.0)

44 (16.6)

  

23 (11.9)

31 (15.9)

  

Duration of operation

 < 4 h

51 (23.6)

46 (17.3)

0.078

− 12.8

45 (23.2)

46 (23.7)

0.775

0.9

 ≥ 4 h

165 (76.4)

220 (82.7)

  

149 (76.8)

148 (76.2)

  
  1. Values are presented as the number (%) and mean ± standard deviation. SD = standardized differences as a percentage
  2. BMI body mass index, LV left ventricle, EF ejection fraction, EuroSCORE European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CV combined coronary and valve operation