Characteristic | Training set n = 328 (%) | Validation set n = 164 (%) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age (years) | 49.4 ± 11.2 | 51.2 ± 11.6 | 0.426 |
Male | 254 (77.4) | 118 (72.0) | 0.181 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 3.8 | 25.1 ± 3.4 | 0.289 |
Smoking history | 138 (42.1) | 78 (47.6) | 0.248 |
Drinking history | 109 (33.2) | 67 (40.9) | 0.118 |
Underlying conditions | |||
Hypertension | 221 (67.4) | 114 (69.5) | 0.632 |
Diabetes mellitus | 15 (4.6) | 6 (3.7) | 0.636 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16 (4.9) | 8 (4.9) | 1.000 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 53 (16.2) | 35 (21.3) | 0.157 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 43 (13.1) | 24 (14.6) | 0.642 |
Renal insufficiency | 118 (36.0) | 55 (33.5) | 0.593 |
Gastrointestinal tract disease | 26 (7.9) | 16 (9.8) | 0.494 |
Atrial fibrillation | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.2) | 0.478 |
General surgery history | 69 (21.0) | 32 (19.5) | 0.693 |
Heart surgery history | 25 (7.6) | 7 (4.3) | 0.155 |
New York Heart Association class | 0.405 | ||
I | 211 (64.3) | 114 (69.5) | |
II | 85 (25.9) | 41 (25.0) | |
III | 26 (7.9) | 7 (4.3) | |
IV | 6 (1.8) | 2 (1.2) | |
Pulmonary artery hypertension | 9 (2.7) | 5 (3.0) | 0.848 |
Pericardial effusion | 97 (29.6) | 36 (22.0) | 0.092 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 62 (60, 65) | 62 (60, 65) | 0.892 |
Laboratory values | |||
White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 10.4 (7.4, 12.6) | 9.7 (7.5, 13.0) | 0.713 |
Red blood cell count (× 1012/L) | 4.2 (3.8, 4.6) | 4.2 (3.8, 4.6) | 0.484 |
Hemoglobin (g/l) | 129 (113, 139) | 127 (114, 140) | 0.650 |
Platelet count (× 109/L) | 160 (127, 208) | 159 (122, 191) | 0.174 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 81.4 (65.9, 111.6) | 78.1 (65.5, 112.8) | 0.306 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 37.7 ± 4.4 | 37.6 ± 4.7 | 0.886 |
Operative variables | |||
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (minutes) | 211 (174, 257) | 210 (175, 258) | 0.924 |
Aortic cross clamp time (minutes) | 118 (96, 147) | 121 (96, 149) | 0.380 |
Transfusion of red blood cells (units) | 7.5 (6.0, 8.5) | 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) | 0.865 |