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Table 3 Companion injuries of TA

From: A retrospective study of 51 pediatric cases of traumatic asphyxia

Companion injury

With

Without

Total

Percentage (%)

Confidence interval (CI) (%)

Thoracic injury

39

12

51

76.5

64.4–88.5a

Pulmonary contusion

39

12

51

76.5

64.4–88.5a

Mediastinal emphysema

5

46

51

9.8

1.4–18.3b

Multiple rib fracture

7

44

51

13.5

3.9–23.1a

Single rib fracture

2

49

51

3.85

1.4–13.6b

Clavicle fracture

6

45

51

11.8

2.6–20.9a

Craniocerebral injury

17

34

51

33.3

19.9–46.7a

Cranial fracture

8

43

51

15.7

5.4–26.0a

Cerebral contusion or hemorrhage

6

45

51

11.8

2.6–20.9 a

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

8

43

51

15.7

5.4–26.0a

Abdominal injury

10

41

51

19.6

8.3–30.9a

Liver contusion

6

45

51

11.8

2.6–20.9a

Kidney contusion

5

46

51

9.8

1.4–18.3b

Spleen contusion

2

49

51

3.9

1.4–13.6b

Pancreas contusion

1

50

51

2.0

0.0–10.5b

Adrenal contusion

1

50

51

2.0

0.0–10.5b

Other

42

9

51

82.4

71.5–93.2a

Other fracture

22

29

51

43.1

29.1–57.2a

Mastoid hemorrhage

7

44

51

13.5

3.9–23.1a

Hematocele of paranasal sinuses

10

41

51

19.6

8.3–30.9a

Strainghtening or reversal of cervical lordosis

3

48

51

5.9

1.2–16.2b

Atlantoaxial subluxation

3

48

51

5.9

1.2–16.2b

Spinal injury

3

48

51

5.9

1.2–16.2b

Hematuria

6

45

51

11.8

2.6–20.9a

Hepatic insufficiency*

26

23

49

53.1

38.6–67.5a

Myocardial injury**

26

9

35

74.3

59.1–89.5a

Retinal hemorrhage and edema

3

12

15

20.0

4.3–48.1b

  1. *Hepatic insufficiency defined as elevation of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase within 2 days after hospitalization. Abnormal hepatic function caused by definitive liver contusion was not excluded
  2. **Myocardial injury defined as elevation of creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin (cTn) within 3 days after hospitalization
  3. aKruskal Wallis test
  4. bFisher Freeman Halton Test