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Table 2 Outcomes of the HCR and Endo-CABG alone groups

From: Clinical results after hybrid coronary revascularization with totally endoscopic coronary surgery

 

Unmatched patients

Matched patients

 

HCR (N = 103)

Endo-CABG (N = 244)

p value

Endo-CABG (N = 103)

p value

General

  

30-day mortality

0

5 (2.05)

0.083

2 (1.94)

0.155

All-cause mortality

3 (2.91)

35 (14.34)

0.002

12 (11.65)

0.016

30-day MACCE

2 (1.94)

11 (4.5)

0.250

3 (2.91)

0.651

 Cardiac death

0

5 (2.05)

 

2 (1.94)

 

 Myocardial infarction

0

2 (0.82)

 

1 (0.97)

 

 Stroke

1 (0.97)

2 (0.82)

 

0

 

 Revascularization

1 (0.97)

1 (0.38)

 

0

 

Long-term MACCE

10 (9.71)

34 (13.93)

0.280

12 (11.65)

0.652

 Cardiac death

1 (0.97)

11 (4.51)

 

4 (3.88)

 

 Myocardial infarction

1 (0.97)

8 (3.28)

 

2 (1.94)

 

 Stroke

1 (0.97)

8 (3.28)

 

3 (2.91)

 

 Revascularization

7 (6.80)

7 (2.87)

 

3 (2.91)

 

Readmissions

24 (23.30)

54 (22.13)

0.898

27 (26.21)

0.873

 Arrhythmia

6 (5.83)

12 (4.92)

   

  AF

3 (2.91)

10 (4.10)

   

  VES

1 (0.97)

1 (0.38)

   

  Tachycardia

2 (1.94)

1 (0.38)

   

 Heart failure

3 (2.91)

9 (3.69)

   

 STEMI

0

2 (0.82)

   

 NSTEMI

2 (1.94)

4 (1.64)

   

 Pericarditis

1 (0.97)

3 (0.82)

   

 Pleuritis

0

4 (1.64)

   

 Syncope

0

2 (0.82)

   

 Stable angina

7 (6.80)

12 (4.92)

   

  PCI

6 (5.83)

6 (2.46)

   

  No intervention

1 (0.97)

5 (2.46)

   

 Unstable angina

1 (0.97)

1 (0.38)

   

 Aspecific complaints

3 (2.91)

6 (2.46)

   

Endo-CABG

  

Number of bypasses

2.39 ± 0.88

2.96 ± 0.85

 < 0.001

2.88 ± 0.78

 < 0.001

Graft

  

 

 LIMA

58 (56.31)

 

 

 RIMA

3 (2.91)

 

 

 BIMA in situ

9 (8.74)

93 (38.11)

 

42 (40.78)

 

 Y-graft

33 (32.04)

151 (61.88)

 

61 (59.22)

 

ICU LOS (h)

70.62 ± 46.12

91.44 ± 101.41

0.009

82.62 ± 61.02

0.115

Ventilation time (h)

10.43 ± 23.03

17.53 ± 44.79

0.054

16.38 ± 39.46

0.192

Hospital LOS (days)

7.62 ± 3.74

9.46 ± 8.76

0.008

8.27 ± 3.92

0.222

Cross-clamping time (min)

50.55 ± 25.61

64.00 ± 22.33

 < 0.001

62.32 ± 21.49

 < 0.001

CPB time (min)

92.87 ± 38.81

110.40 ± 32.78

 < 0.001

109.4 ± 33.7

0.001

Perioperative bleeding (ml)

445.10 ± 442.81

474.60 ± 513.66

0.593

531.1 ± 641.46

0.270

Bleeding 24 h (ml)

541.00 ± 724.84

651.50 ± 680.57

0.191

645.0 ± 721.49

0.306

LVEF

     

 > 50%

54 (52.43)

85 (35.12)

 

36 (36.28)

 31–50%

19 (18.45)

34 (14.05)

 

10 (10.78)

 21–30%

1 (0.97)

4 (1.65)

 

2 (1.96)

 < 20%

0

1 (0.41)

 

1 (0.98)

 No TTE

29 (28.16)

118 (48.76)

 

51 (50.00)

New-onset AF

24 (23.30)

72 (29.51)

0.238

28 (27.18)

0.521

Electric cardioversion

22 (21.36)

36 (14.75)

0.132

18 (17.48)

0.481

In hospital neurological complications

  

0.524

 

0.844

 CVA

1 (0.97)

2 (0.82)

 

1 (0.97)

 TIA

0

1 (0.38)

 

0

 

Early revision

6 (5.83)

21 (8.61)

0.377

11 (10.78)

0.206

Late revision

2 (1.94)

1 (0.41)

0.159

1 (0.97)

0.561

Graft failure

6 (5.83)

8 (3.28)

0.271

3 (2.91)

0.307

PCI

  

Number of stents

1.42 ± 0.75

Neurological complications

     

 CVA

0

 TIA

0

In-stent stenosis

3 (2.91)

Hospital LOS

1.96 ± 2.28

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or as number (%)
  2. AF: atrial fibrillation; BIMA: bilateral internal mammary artery; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; Endo-CABG: endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft; HCR: hybrid coronary revascularization; ICU: intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay; LIMA: Left internal mammary artery; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MACCE: major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; NSTEMI: non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; RIMA: Right internal mammary artery; STEMI: ST-elevated myocardial infarction; TIA: transient ischemic attack; TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram; VES: ventricular extrasystole