Fig. 4

Cardiopulmonary bypass induced inflammation in rats. Immunofluorescence results were obtained on the first day, the third day and the seventh day after the operation of the two groups of rats, green fluorescence indicates Iba-1 (a), Scale bar = 200 μm, DAPI counterstaining (blue) shows nuclei of intact cells, and green fluorescence represented Iba-1+. Bar graphs indicate the changes in the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus (b–d). Bar graphs indicate the changes in the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in the plasma (e–g). *P < 0.01 compared with the SHAM and the CPB groups. CPB cardiopulmonary bypass; h hour, d day