Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Total patients (n = 172)

Age (MD,IQR), years

25 (21,30)

Male (n, %)

88 (51.2%)

Female (n, %)

84 (48.8%)

Smoking history

Smoker (n, %)

9 (5.2%)

Non-smoking (n, %)

163 (94.8%)

Type of anesthesia

Intubation (n, %)

28 (16.3%)

Spontaneous ventilation anesthesia (n, %)

144 (83.7%)

Surgical approach

Single-port VATS (n, %)

95 (55.2%)

Three-port VATS (n, %)

77 (44.8%)

Single-port convered to 3-port VATS (n, %)

1 (0.6%)

Surgical duration (MD, IQR), min

53 (37, 72)

Blood loss during the operation (MD, IQR), ml

2 (1, 2)

Pleural adhesion (n, %)

6 (3.5%)

Mild

3 (1.7%)

Moderate

1 (0.6%)

Severe

2 (1.2%)

Chest dragainge insertion during the surgery (n, %)

3 (1.7%)

Pneumothorax on POD0 Chest X ray (n, %)

0–10%

155 (90.1%)

11–20%

10 (5.8%)

21–30%

5 (2.9%)

31–40%

2 (1.2%)

Chest dragainge insertion after the surgery (n, %)

1 (0.6%)

Length of postoperative hospital stay day (MD, IQR)

1 (1,1)

Less than 24 h

153 (89.0%)

More than 24 h

19 (11.0%)