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Table 5 Analysis of risk factors for all-cause mortality with Cox proportional hazards model

From: Combined impact of elevated arterial stiffness and left ventricular filling pressure on outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Risk factors

After IPTW adjustment

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

Pb

Group

 

 < 0.001

 

0.004

Referencea

1

 

1

 

vs. High-PWV-only

0.866 (0.163, 4.614)

0.866

0.882 (0.163, 4.788)

0.885

vs. High-E/e′-only

1.596 (0.473, 5.387)

0.451

0.984 (0.275, 3.528)

0.981

vs. High-PWV-and-E/e′

8.466 (3.262, 21.971)

 < 0.001

6.090 (2.001, 18.532)

0.002

Sex, Female

1.081 (0.447, 2.616)

0.863

  

Age

1.044(0.994 1.097)

0.085

  

Age 75

2.421 (0.972, 6.027)

0.058

  

Body mass index

0.886 (0.783, 1.002)

0.054

  

Smoking

1.303 (0.570, 2.980)

0.531

  

Obesity

0.389 (0.147, 1.028)

0.057

  

NYHA functional class

0.829 (0.449, 1.531)

0.549

  

Hypertension

3.409 (0.933, 12.454)

0.064

  

Diabetes

1.520 (0.659, 3.507)

0.326

  

Insulin

1.792 (0.615, 5.218)

0.285

  

Dyslipidemia

1.854 (0.813, 4.228)

0.142

  

Cerebrovascular accident

3.172 (1.368, 7.356)

0.007

2.796 (1.081, 7.233)

0.034

Peripheral arteriopathy

2.814 (1.248, 6.347)

0.013

1.867 (0.731, 4.772)

0.192

CKD grade ≥ 4

4.073 (1.640, 10.115)

0.003

2.611 (0.872, 7.823)

0.086

COPD

3.275 (1.003, 10.697)

0.049

3.830 (1.061, 13.833)

0.040

Acute myocardial infarction

1.526 (0.561, 4.149)

0.408

  

Atrial fibrillation

2.930 (0.167, 51.358)

0.462

  

PCI

1.028 (0.289, 3.657)

0.966

  

EuroSCORE II

1.088 (0.965, 1.228)

0.170

  

 EuroSCORE II ≥ 4

1.432 (0.487, 1.211)

0.514

  

 EuroSCORE II > 7

2.154 (0.362, 12.809)

0.399

  

CHA2DS2-VASc SCORE

1.081 (1.016, 1.151)

0.013

1.023 (0.941, 1.111)

0.597

Ejection fraction

1.011 (0.979, 1.044)

0.514

  

Pulmonary hypertension

1.089 (0.989, 1.199)

0.083

  

Preoperative IABP

0.405 (0.023, 7.090)

0.536

  

Three vessel disease

0.537 (0.232, 1.245)

0.147

  

Left main disease

0.841 (0.351, 2.013)

0.697

  

Urgency

0.989 (0.096, 10.232)

0.992

  
  1. CI confidence interval; CKD chronic kidney disease; E early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; e′ early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity; HR hazard ratio; IABP intraaortic balloon pump; IPTW inverse probability of treatment weighting; OR odds ratio; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; PWV pulse wave velocity
  2. Italics indicate nested data
  3. aReference: neither high PWV nor high E/e′; bThe covariates included in the multivariable models were selected based on statistical significance (p < 0.05) in univariable analysis
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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

ISSN: 1749-8090

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