From: Hybrid approach for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: immediate versus staged treatment
Hybrid patients | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|
Immediate (n = 20) | Staged (n = 40) | ||
Age (years), mean ± SD | 47 ± 11 | 39 ± 14 | 0.02 |
Ejection fraction (%),mean ± SD | 54 ± 5 | 51 ± 6 | 0.052 |
NYHA class, mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.45 |
Smoking | 7 (35%) | 10 (25%) | 0.41 |
Drinking | 4 (20%) | 6 (15%) | 0.62 |
CPAP | 2 (10%) | 3 (7.5%) | 0.74 |
Hypertension | 10 (50%) | 30 (75%) | 0.052 |
Diabetes | 2 (10%) | 6 (15%) | 0.59 |
Caffeine consumption | 12 (60%) | 5 (12.5%) | < 0.001 |