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Table 1 Preprocedural characteristics of the study population

From: Hybrid approach for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: immediate versus staged treatment

 

Hybrid patients

P-value

 

Immediate

(n = 20)

Staged

(n = 40)

Age (years), mean ± SD

47 ± 11

39 ± 14

0.02

Ejection fraction (%),mean ± SD

54 ± 5

51 ± 6

0.052

NYHA class, mean ± SD

1.2 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.3

0.45

Smoking

7 (35%)

10 (25%)

0.41

Drinking

4 (20%)

6 (15%)

0.62

CPAP

2 (10%)

3 (7.5%)

0.74

Hypertension

10 (50%)

30 (75%)

0.052

Diabetes

2 (10%)

6 (15%)

0.59

Caffeine consumption

12 (60%)

5 (12.5%)

< 0.001

  1. CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SD, standard deviation