Table 1 Pre-operative characteristics
Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Age (years), median [IQR 25–75] | 58.3 [46.5–77.0] |
Men, n (%) | 28 (67) |
SAPS II, median [IQR 25–75] | 26 [18–34] |
ISS, median [IQR 25–75] | 21 [16–28] |
TTSS, median [IQR 25–75] | 11 [9–12] |
Comorbidity | |
Charlson score, median [IQR 25–75] | 0 [0–1] |
Smoking, n (%) | 17 (40) |
Cause of thoracic trauma, n (%) | |
Road traffic accident | 20 (48) |
Domestic fall | 17 (40) |
Time from trauma to ICU admission (days), median [IQR 25–75] | 3.0 [2–5.8] |
Number of broken ribs, median [IQR 25–75] | 7 [5–8.8] |
Flail chest, n (%) | 39 (93) |
Pulmonary contusion, n (%)(1) | 27 (67) |
1 lobe | 16 (40) |
2 lobes | 7 (17) |
> 2 lobes | 4 (10) |
Pleural involvement, n (%)(1) | 34 (85) |
Isolated pleural effusion | 3 (7) |
Pneumothorax/Hemopneumothorax unilateral | 29 (72) |
Pneumothorax/Hemopneumothorax bilateral | 1 (2) |
Tension pneumothorax | 1 (2) |
Associated intra-thoracic fractures, n (%)(2) | 20 (51) |
Sternum | 3 (8) |
Clavicle | 5 (13) |
Scapula | 9 (23) |
Vertebrae | 3 (8) |
Extra-thoracic injury, n (%) | 17 (40) |
Head and neck injury, n | 2 |
(Specific intervention needed), n | (0) |
Face, n | 4 |
(Surgery needed), n | (2) |
Extremities, n | 5 |
(Surgery needed), n | (3) |
Abdomen, n | 3 |
(Specific intervention needed), n | (1) |
Spine, n | 3 |
(Surgical or radiological procedures needed), n | (2) |
Preoperative respiratory status, n (%) | |
Respiratory failure * | 12 (29) |
Invasive ventilation | 6 (14) |
Non-invasive ventilation | 6 (14) |
High flow nasal oxygen therapy | 1 (2) |