Table 1 Comparison of the study groups respecting participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics
Characteristics | Group | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Placebo (n = 29) N (%) | TENS (n = 26) N (%) | Cold compress (n = 30) N (%) | Combined (n = 26) N (%) | P value | ||||||
Gender | ||||||||||
Female | 14 (3.48) | 15 (7.57) | 8 (7.26) | 8 (8.38) | 0.06a | |||||
Male | 15 (7.51) | 11(3.42) | 22 (3.73) | 18 (2.69) | ||||||
Marital status | ||||||||||
Single | 1 (3.4) | 2 (7.77) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0.64b | |||||
Married | 28 (96.6) | 24 (92.3) | 29 (96.7) | 26 (100) | ||||||
Educational level | ||||||||||
Illiterate | 5 (17.2) | 8 (30.8) | 0 (0) | 6 (23/1) | 0.03b | |||||
Below diploma | 10 (5.34) | 10 (5.38) | 17 (56.7) | 11 (42/3) | ||||||
Diploma and higher | 14 (3.43) | 8 (8.30) | 13 (43.3) | 9 (34.6) | ||||||
Occupation | ||||||||||
Unemployed | 1 (4.3) | 4 (4.15) | 5 (7.16) | 1 (8.03) | 0.45b | |||||
Employee | 5 (17.2) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (19.2) | ||||||
Housewife | 11 (37.9) | 11 (42.3) | 6 (20) | 8 (8.30) | ||||||
Self-employed | 8 (27.9) | 7 (26.9) | 13 (43.3) | 10 (38.5) | ||||||
Other | (13.8) 4 | 2 (7.7) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (7.7) | ||||||
Pain tolerance | ||||||||||
Low | 5 (17.9) | 4 (16) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (8.3) | 0.56b | |||||
Moderate | 17 (60.7) | 18 (72) | 21 (76.4) | 17 (70.8) | ||||||
High | 6 (21.4) | 3 (12) | 7 (24.1) | 5 (20.8) | ||||||
Family history of CABG | ||||||||||
Yes | 16 (57.1) | 12 (48) | 11 (36.7) | 12 (46.2) | 0.49b | |||||
No | 12 (42.9) | 13 (52) | 19 (63.3) | 14 (53.8) | ||||||
History of diabetes | ||||||||||
Yes | 2 (6.9) | 3 (11.5) | 7 (23.3) | 3 (11.5) | 0.35b | |||||
No | 27 (93.1) | 23 (88.5) | 23 (76.7) | 23 (88.5) | ||||||
History of hypertension | ||||||||||
Yes | 9 (31) | 5 (19.2) | 6 (20) | 10 (38.5) | 0.33a | |||||
No | 20 (69) | 21 (80.8) | 24 (80) | 16 (61.5) | ||||||
Atrial fibrillation | ||||||||||
Yes | 3 (10.3) | 3 (11.5) | 3 (10) | 2 (7.7) | 0.99b | |||||
No | 26 (89.7) | 23 (88.5) | 27 (90) | 24 (92.3) | ||||||
Respiratory disorder | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) | 0.60b | |||||
No | 28 (96.6) | 26 (100) | 30 (100) | 25 (92) | ||||||
|  | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 55.90 ± 11.91 | 55.28 ± 15.10 | 57.03 ± 13.91 | 58.42 ± 14.77 | 0.86c |
Weight (kg) | 68.41 ± 10.34 | 66.92 ± 13.07 | 69.50 ± 11.67 | 69.77 ± 10.95 | 0.80c |
Height (m) | 167.59 ± 9.22 | 166.42 ± 10.26 | 170.43 ± 8.14 | 169.65 ± 7.31 | 0.54d |
Body mass index | 20.40 ± 2.84 | 20.10 ± 3.66 | 20.34 ± 3 | 20.58 ± 3.30 | 0.96c |
Cigarette smoking | 16.36 ± 5.04 | 18.57 ± 3.78 | 14.33 ± 5.63 | 16.43 ± 4.97 | 0.32d |
The duration of chest tube use | 3.66 ± 0.90 | 3.73 ± 0.87 | 3.83 ± 1.18 | 3.92 ± 0.89 | 0.76c |