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Dual antiplatelet treatment after coronary artery bypass surgery
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery volume 10, Article number: A102 (2015)
Background/Introduction
Long-term prognosis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is related to the patency of coronary grafts, and pathogenesis of graft closure is linked to platelet aggregation. We analyzed the effect on late outcomes of postoperative dual antiplatelet treatment (DAT), maintained during the first year, compared to single antiplatelet treatment (SAT).
Aims/Objectives
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A)
Primary: Evaluation of adverse cardiovascular events: Hospital admission for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), unplanned target-vessel revascularization (UTVR), stroke and death of cardiovascular origin. B) Secondary: Evaluation of safety: analysis of bleeding events (BE).
Method
Retrospective study including all CABG patients during the years 2009-2010, with two years of clinical follow-up. Patients were classified in: A) SAT: daily 100 mg ASA. B) DAT: daily 100 mg ASA plus daily 75 mg clopidogrel.
Results
The study included 452 patients: 287 SAT (63.5%); 165 DAT (36.5%). 11.9% suffered a primary end-point event; 6.6% ACS; 4.4% UTVR; 1.5% stroke; 3.8% died during follow-up. Safety: 2 (0.4%) suffered a major BE, and 10 (2.2%) minor BE.
DAT was associated with a reduction of the primary end-point from 14.6% to 7.3% (p = 0.020). ACS were reduced from 8.7% to 3.0% (p = 0.020). There were no differences in UTVR nor stroke. Mortality during follow-up was lower in DAT (4.5% versus 2.4%; p = 0.257).
A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed; DAT was independently associated with the reduction of events (Hazard ratio 0.49; CI 95% 0.249 - 0.968; p = 0.040).
The greatest benefit of DAT was seen after Off-pump CABG (Hazard ratio 0.395; CI 95% 0.176 - 0.885; p = 0.024) and in diabetic patients (Hazard ratio 0.326; CI 95% 0.124 - 0.854; p = 0.023).
Discussion/Conclusion
DAT is associated with a reduction of late adverse cardiovascular events after CABG, especially in Off-pump CABG and in diabetic patients. DAT did not increase the risk of BE.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Lopez Menendez, J., Avanzas, P., Callejo, F. et al. Dual antiplatelet treatment after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg 10 (Suppl 1), A102 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8090-10-S1-A102
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8090-10-S1-A102