Table 1 Characteristics and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data for patients with and without surgical site infections (SSIs).
Characteristics | Patients Without SSI (n = 970) | Patients With SSI (n = 54) | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative value | ||||||
Age, mean (SD), years | 68.2 ± 10,1 | 69.07 ± 10,9 | 1.009 (0.981 to 1.03) | 0.54 | ||
Sex, male/female | 591 (60.9)/379 (39.1) | 37 (68.5)/17 (31.5) | 1.396 (0.77 to 2.51) | 0.26 | ||
Underlying conditions, No. (%) | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 285 (29.4) | 16 (29.6) | 1.01 (0.55 to 1.84) | 0.97 | ||
Hypertension | 427 (44) | 27 (50) | 1.27 (0.73 to 2.28) | 0.39 | ||
Chronic renal failure | 50 (5.2) | 2 (3.7) | 0.70 (0.16 to 2.98) | 0.64 | ||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 202 (20.8) | 18 (33.3) | 1.90 (1.05 to 3.41) | 0.03 | ||
Peripheral vascular diseasea | 74 (7.6) | 2 (3.7) | 0.28 | |||
Additional drugs, No (%) | ||||||
β-blockersa | 435 (44.9) | 21 (38.9) | 1.28 (0.72 to2.27) | 0.39 | ||
Statin | 373 (38.5) | 23 (42.6) | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.47) | 0.55 | 1.29(0.71 to2.33) | 0.39 |
Corticosteroids | 19 (2.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0.94 (0.12 to 7.19) | 0.95 | ||
Intraoperative values | ||||||
Antibiotic prophylaxis, No. (%) | ||||||
Cefazolin | 938 (96.7) | 46 (85.2) | 0.19 (0.008 to 0.44) | 0.001 | 4.90(2.07 to11.61) | 0.0001 |
Teicoplanin | 32 (3.3) | 8 (14.8) | 0.001 | |||
Surgical procedure, No. (%) | ||||||
Valve | 490 (50.5) | 31 (57.4) | 1.33 (0.76 to2.32) | 0.32 | ||
CABG | 296 (30.5) | 14 (25.9) | 0.8 (0.42 to 1.49) | 0.47 | ||
Valvular + CABG | 184 (19.0) | 9 (16.7) | 0.85 (0.41 to 1.78) | 0.67 | ||
Total CPB time, mean (SD), min | 92.8 ± 38.2 | 96.3 ± 35.7 | 1.002 (0.99 to 1.009) | 0.502 | 1.001(0.99 to1.009) | 0.77 |
Aortic cross-clamp time, mean (SD), mina | 66.7 ± 29.04 | 69.5 ± 26.6 | 1.003 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.48 | ||
Glucose, mean (SD), mg/dLa | 180.2 ± 51.4 | 178.5 ± 48.5 | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.001) | 0.07 | 1.00(0.99 to1.01) | 0.95 |
PaO2, mean (SD), mm Hga | 148.4 ± 38.4 | 150.1 ± 34.2 | 1.001 (0.99 to 1.008) | 0.74 | ||
Hematocric during CPB, mean (SD), (%) | 26.5 ± 4.4 | 25.8 ± 3.7 | 0.25 | |||
Postoperative | ||||||
Duration of mechanical ventilation, mean (SD), days | 51.4 ± 200.7 | 44.5 ± 146.3 | 0.805 | |||
Glucose, mean, mg/dL 1-h ICU admission | 166.2 ± 47.5 | 159.6 ± 52.4 | 1.001 (0.99 to 1.008) | 0.32 | 0.99(0.98 to1.01) | 0.19 |
8-h ICU post-admissiona | 169.1 ± 63.02 | 156.30 ± 40.8 | 0.996 (0.98 to 1.003) | 0.14 | ||
Core temperature, ICU admission, mean,°C | 36.1 ± 0.7 | 36.1 ± 0.6 | 1.152 (0.78 to 1.696) | 0.47 | 1,13(0.74 to1.71) | 0.56 |
PaO2, mean (SD), mm Hg 1-h ICU post-admission | 134.8 ± 41.3 | 136.5 ± 39.5 | 0.77 | 1.00(0.99 to1.01) | 0.29 | |
8-h ICU post-admission | 130.1 ± 37.5 | 124.4 ± 34.02 | 0.27 | 0.99(0.98 to1.00) | 0.22 | |
Leukocyte, ICU admission, mean (SD),mm3 | 10934.5 ± 3826.5 | 11316.4 ± 3611.01 | 1.000 (1.000 to1.000) | 0.47 | ||
Hematocric, ICU admission, mean (SD), (%) | 30.3 ± 4.7 | 31.5 ± 4.0 | 1.06 (0.99 to 1.12) | 0.06 | ||
Units red-cell transfusion, mean (SD) | 2.02 ± 2.8 | 2.2 ± 2.5 | 1,027 (0.94 to 1.121) | 0.54 | ||
Mediastinal bleeding, mean (SD), mm3 | 828.9 ± 554.3 | 709.9 ± 92.5 | 1.000 (0.99 to 1.000) | 0.03 | ||
Complications, No. (%) | ||||||
Cardiac | 72 (7.4) | 6 (11.1) | 1.5 (0.64 to 3.75) | 0.32 | ||
Respiratory failure | 89 (9.2) | 3 (5.7) | 0.59 (0.18 to 1.93) | 0.38 | ||
Stroke | 20 (2.1) | 2 (3.7) | 1.82 (0.41 to 8.0) | 0.42 | ||
Acute renal failure | 61 (6.3) | 8 (14.8) | 2.63 (1.17 to 5.88) | 0.01 | ||
Length of stay, mean (SD), days | ||||||
Preoperativea | 10.4 ± 9.8 | 12.1 ± 8.8 | 1.01 (0.99 to1.03) | 0.209 | ||
In the ICU stay after surgerya | 4.4 ± 9.4 | 4.1 ± 6.6 | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.03) | 0.81 | ||
Postoperativea | 13.8 ± 17.9 | 35.6 ± 19.5 | 1.03 (1.02 to1.04) | 0.0001 | ||
In the hospital | 24.2 ± 20.2 | 47.8 ± 20.3 | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.04) | 0.0001 | 1.01(1.008 to1.02) | 0.0001 |
Mortality, No. (%)c | ||||||
In-hospital | 76 (7.8) | 7 (13.0) | 0.17 | |||
30 days | 72 (7.4) | 4 (7.4) | 0.99 (0.35 to2.85) | 0.99 | ||
90 days | 73 (7.5) | 6 (11.1) | 1.53 (0.63 to 3.70) | 0.34 |