Aortic stiffness as a marker of cardiac function and myocardial strain in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement

Table 2 Cardiac assessment characteristics

Parameter	Total	PWV-norm	PWV-high	P-value
Parameter	n = 56	n = 35	n = 21	P-value
Pre-operative
Aortic valve area (cm²)	0.73 ± 0.2	0.74 ± 0.2	0.71 ± 0.2	0.67
AVMG (mmHg)	48 ± 13	50 ± 13	46 ± 11	0.27
AVPG (mmHg)	82 ± 24	86 ± 27	76 ± 19	0.13
Ejection fraction	59 ± 15	58 ± 15	61 ± 16	0.56
LVDDiam (cm)	4.79 ± 0.72	4.78 ± 0.75	4.82 ± 0.69	0.85
LVSDiam (cm)	3.34 ± 0.83	3.25 ± 0.76	3.47 ± 0.94	0.37
NYHA (n [%])				<0.01
Class I	16 (29%)	16 (46%)	0 (0%)
Class II	30 (53%)	15 (43%)	15 (71%)
Class III	10 (18%)	4 (11%)	6 (29%)
LV function (n [%])				0.97
Good	41 (76%)	25 (76%)	16 (76%)
Moderate	10 (18%)	6 (18%)	4 (19%)
Poor	3 (6%)	3 (6%)	3 (5%)
BNP pg/ml	134 ± 183	88 ± 88	214 ± 264	0.09
Immediate post-operative
BNP pg/ml (3 h post-CPB)	112 ± 143	85 ± 81	158 ± 199	0.32
BNP pg/ml (18 h post-CPB)	334 ± 179	288 ± 157	406 ± 191	0.02
Inotropes (n [%])	16 (29%)	8 (23%)	8 (40%)	0.22
Arrhythmia (n [%])	23 (41%)	16 (46%)	7 (33%)	0.41
Post-operative (409 ± 159 days)	n = 50
NYHA (n [%])				<0.001
Class I	40 (80%)	29 (97%)	11 (55%)
Class II	10 (20%)	1 (3%)	9 (45%)
LV function (n [%])				1.0
Good	40 (87%)	23 (85%)	17 (89%)
Moderate	6 (13%)	4 (15%)	2 (10%)
Leg edema (n [%])	7 (14%)	1 (3%)	6 (30%)	0.01

Values are shown as n (%) for categorical variables and means ± standard deviation for continuous variables. bold values indicate statistically significant values. Abbreviations: AVMG aortic valve mean gradient, AVPG aortic valve peak gradient, LVDDiam left ventricular diastolic diameter, LVSDiam left ventricular systolic diameter, NYHA New York Heart Association, LV left ventricle, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide.

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