Table 1 Baseline and operative characteristics

Age (mean years ± SD)

55.5 ± 8.6

64.3 ± 9.6

<0.0001

Female

10.9

22.6

<0.0001

Body mass index (mean kg/m² ± SD)

27.2 ± 3.7

27.9 ± 4.6

<0.0001

Diabetes mellitus

12.3

31.9

<0.0001

Insulin-dependent

2.5

9.7

<0.0001

Renal failure

3.4

7.4

<0.0001

Previous MI

50.5

52.3

0.13

Hypertension

49.3

64.0

<0.0001

Active smoking

32.2

22.0

<0.0001

COPD

6.2

13.1

<0.0001

Peripheral vascular disease

9.0

15.3

<0.0001

Previous stroke

3.1

6.3

<0.0001

LVEF ≤ 35%

3.9

6.7

<0.0001

CHF NYHA class III or IV

18.0

26.3

<0.0001

Atrial fibrillation

1.5

3.7

<0.0001

Three-vessel disease

58.7

53.0

<0.0001

Parsonnet score (mean ± SD)

1.4 ± 0.9

2.1 ± 2.2

<0.0001

EuroSCORE (mean ± SD)

1.9 ± 2.7

3.6 ± 4.5

<0.0001

Operative Data

Urgent or emergency

18.5

23.1

<0.0001

Off-pump

2.3

3.2

0.03

Aortic clamp time (mean min ± SD)

57.6 ± 18.2

50.7 ± 18.3

<0.0001

CPB time (mean min ± SD)

82.4 ± 23.8

76.4 ± 23.7

<0.0001

Number of distals (mean ± SD)

3.6 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.0

<0.0001