Table 5 Significant risk factors for long-term survival by Cox regression analysis

Age 65–79 (referent group 18–49 years)

2.81 (2.02-3.90)

<0.001

Age ≥80 (referent group 18–49 years)

5.30 (3.70-7.59)

<0.001

Pre-operative co-morbidities

Type 1 Diabetes

1.98 (1.17-3.34)

0.011

Type 2 Diabetes

1.43 (1.25-1.64)

<0.001

Smoking

1.52 (1.25-1.86)

<0.001

CHF

1.72 (1.47-2.00)

<0.001

PVD

1.47 (1.24-1.74)

<0.001

Stroke

1.33 (1.14-1.56)

<0.001

ESKD on dialysis

3.61 (2.64-4.94)

<0.001

Malignancy

2.08 (1.66-2.61)

<0.001

EF 35-50% (referent group EF > 50%)

1.20 (1.00-1.43)

0.045

EF < 35% (referent group EF > 50%)

1.54 (1.23-1.94)

<0.001

Surgery type

AVR + CABG (referent group isolated CABG)

1.61 (1.29-2.00)

<0.001

MVR + CABG (referent group isolated CABG)

1.31 (1.00-1.70)

0.047

2 or more valves (referent group isolated CABG)

1.48 (1.08-2.04)

0.015

Post-operative complications

Infection

1.28 (1.07-1.53)

0.007

Neurologic events

1.45 (1.12-1.88)

0.004

Pulmonary complications

1.27 (1.08-1.50)

0.004

Acute kidney injury on CRRT

2.10 (1.74-2.54)

<0.001

Cardiac arrest

2.72 (2.07-3.58)

<0.001

CVICU re-admission

1.32 (1.05-1.67)

0.019