Table 1 Demographic and preoperative patient characteristics

Age

62 ± 12 (28–79) years

Sex

11 male, 9 female

Functional class

  NYHA class III

12

  NYHA class IV

8

EF

50 ± 11

  EF ≥ 50%

13

  EF < 50%

7

MI

13

MS

1

MI and MS

2

Paravalvular leak

2

Bioprosthetic insufficiency

2

Previous operation

  Isolated CABG

14

  CABG and AVR

1

  CABG and bioprosthetic MVR

1

  MVR (mechanical)

2

  MVR (bioprosthetic)

1

  Partial AVSD repair

1