Fig. 1

A custom-designed and -produced vascular bioreactor system. a, the design of the vascular bioreactor system. b, the processing chamber used for specimen fixation. c, operation of the dynamic vascular bioreactor system. The dynamic vascular bioreactor system was placed into a tissue culture incubator. The height difference between culture solutions was regulated to control the static pressure within the vascular grafts. A controlled peristaltic pump regulated the dynamic pressure within the vascular grafts and the flow rate variation of the culture solutions. The arrows show the operation of the dynamic vascular bioreactor system