Table 1 Selected case reports with review of the literature
| Â | Horovitz AG et al. [8] | Righini CA et al. [4] | Tang LF et al. [5] | Xiahui GE et al. [6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Years | 1950–1983 | 1950–2003 | 1950–2005 | 1950–2013 |
Cases | 13 | 23 | 34 | 51 |
Adults | 11 (84.6%) | 19 (82.6%) | 27 (80%) | 40 (78.4%) |
F:M | 7:5 (1 not specified) | 14:4 (5 not specified) | 18:13 (3 not specified) | 30:20 (1 not specified) |
Location in the trachea | distal > proximal > middle third | distal > proximal > middle third | NR | distal > proximal > middle third |
Race | White > others | NR | NR | Asian > North American > European |
Symptoms | ||||
 Common | Cough, wheeze, shortness of breath and hemoptysis | Upper airway obstruction with predominance of dyspnea | Airway obstruction symptoms like nonspecific cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. | Cough, wheezing and dyspnea |
 Uncommon | Fever and chest pain | Hemoptysis and chest infection | Hoarseness, hemoptysis, sudden severe dyspnea | Hemoptysis, hoarseness and chest pain |
Signs | NR | NR | Pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and fever | Wheeze or Stridor 15 (29%) |
Investigation | Fluoroscopy, Xeroradiographs and tomograms CT of the chest Tracheobronchoscopy | CT of the chest MRI (1 case) Tracheobronchoscopy | PFT CT of the chest MRI Tracheobronchoscopy | PFT CT of the chest Tracheobronchoscopy |
Delay of the diagnosis | 10–15 months | 10–15 months | NR | 17 months |
Tumor size | NR | NR | NR | 1–4 cm |
Treatment | ||||
 Endoscopic resection (Laser, electronic snaring, APC, cryotherapy, endoscopic excision) | 5 (38%) | NR | NR | 19 (37%) |
 Surgical resection | 8 (62%) | NR | NR | 33 (71%) (29 primary treatment and 4 for relapse after endoscopic resection) |
Recurrence | ||||
 Endoscopic resection | 1 (20%) | 1 (4%) | 3(8.6%) | 4 (21%) |
 Surgery | 0 (0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0%) |
Malignant histology | NR | NR | 2 (5.7% | 2 (3.9%) |
Complication | 2 | NR | 3 (8.6%) | 3 (6%) |
| Â | â–ª Renal Failure â–ª Post-operative infection | Â | â–ª Renal Failure â–ª Post-operative infection â–ª Hypoxic brain damage | â–ª Renal Failure â–ª Post-operative infection â–ª Hypoxic brain damage |