Table 1 General characteristics of patients with pneumothorax secondary to GPA

Male/Female (case)

18(72%)/7(28%)

Age(year)

44 ± 15.7(16~70)

Duration (weeks)

26 ± 51.0(0.83~216)

Pneumothorax type (case)

 Pneumothorax

11(44%)

 hydropneumothorax

5 (20)

 empyema^a

8 (32%)

 Hemopneumothorax

1 (4%)

Chest Imaging(n)

 Nodules (Multi/Single)

22(88%)

 Cavity

21(84%)

 Pulmonary hemorrhage

1 (4%)

Extrapulmonary manifestations (n)

 Fever

11(44%)

 Skin lesions (purpura, gangrene, ulcers, etc.)

7 (28%)

 Nasal and sinus involvement

15(60%)

 Oral ulcers

5 (20%)

 Glomerulonephritis and other

13(52%)

 Nervous system (facial paralysis, mononeuropathy, etc.)

6 (24%)

 Arthralgia/arthritis

11(44%)

 Parotid swelling

2 (8%)

Laboratory tests

 ANCA-positive(n)

13/20(65%)

 Anti-PR3(RU/ml)

176 ± 145.3(26~411)

 ESR (mm/h)

92 ± 31.6(24~145)

 CRP (mg/dl)

20 ± 27.4(2.35–90)

Pleural drainage(n)

16

Surgery(n)

7 (28%)

Spontaneous absorption(n)

4 (16%)

Death

10(40%)