Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictors for cervical lymph node metastasis in superficial thoracic ESCC
Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cervical LN(−)(%) | Cervical LN(+) (%) | P value | HR | 95% CI for HR | P value | |
Age | 0.086 | – | – | 0.283 | ||
< 65 y | 104 (86.7) | 16 (13.3) | ||||
≥ 65 y | 10 (93.5) | 7 (6.5) | ||||
Gender | 0.911 | – | – | – | ||
Male | 180 (89.1) | 22 (10.9) | ||||
Female | 25 (96.2) | 1 (3.8) | ||||
Tumor location | 0.002 | 0.304 | 0.130–0.711 | 0.006 | ||
Upper thorax | 26 (76.5) | 8 (23.5) | ||||
Middle thorax | 111 (88.8) | 14 (11.2) | ||||
Lower thorax | 68 (98.6) | 1 (1.4) | ||||
Tumor size | 0.888 | – | – | – | ||
≤ 4 cm | 119 (90.2) | 13 (9.8) | ||||
> 4 cm | 86 (89.6) | 10 (10.4) | ||||
Macroscopic tumor type | 0.914 | – | – | – | ||
0-II | 136 (90.1) | 15 (9.9) | ||||
0-I/0-III | 69 (89.6) | 8 (10.4) | ||||
Tumor differentiation | 0.128 | – | – | – | ||
Well differentiation | 53 (91.4) | 5 (8.6) | ||||
Moderate differentiation | 73 (84.9) | 13 (15.1) | ||||
Poor differentiation | 79 (94.0) | 5 (6.0) | ||||
Growth pattern | 0.134 | – | – | – | ||
Expansive | 77 (93.9) | 5 (6.1) | ||||
Infiltrative | 128 (87.7) | 18 (12.3) | ||||
Lymphatic invasion | < 0.001 | 6.454 | 2.202–18.919 | 0.001 | ||
Absence | 159 (95.8) | 7 (4.2) | ||||
Presence | 46 (74.2) | 16 (25.8) | ||||
Vascular invasion | 0.560 | – | – | |||
Absence | 171 (90.5) | 18 (9.5) | ||||
Presence | 34 (87.2) | 5 (12.8) | ||||
Pathological T category | 0.002 | – | – | |||
T1a (%) | ||||||
M2 | 27 (100) | 0 | ||||
M3 | 33 (94.3) | 2 (5.7) | ||||
T1b (%) | ||||||
SM1 | 54 (94.7) | 3 (5.3) | ||||
SM2 | 55 (90.2) | 6 (9.8) | ||||
SM3 | 36 (75.0) | 12 (25.0) | ||||
Upper mediastinal LN metastasis | < 0.001 | 3.196 | 1.118–9.136 | 0.03 | ||
Absence | 171 (95.0) | 9 (5.0) | ||||
Presence | 34 (70.8) | 5 (29.2) | ||||
Mid mediastinal LN metastasis | 0.003 | |||||
Absence | 198 (91.7) | 18 (8.3) | ||||
Presence | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | ||||
Lower mediastinal LN metastasis | 0.011 | |||||
Absence | 190 (91.8) | 17 (8.2) | ||||
Presence | 15 (71.4) | 6 (28.6) | ||||
Abdominal mediastinal LN metastasis | 0.029 | |||||
Absence | 167 (92.3) | 14 (7.7) | ||||
Presence | 38 (80.9) | 9 (19.1) | ||||