Table 2 Characteristics of patients at the time of ECMO placement (N = 21)

Pre-ECMO mechanical ventilation, n (%)

19 (90.5)

Pre-ECMO UFH/LMWH use

8 (38.1)

Inotrope use, n (%) (before CPR or ECMO initiation)

10 (47.6)

 Shock, n (%)

10 (47.6)

 Prior cardiac arrest required CPR, n (%)

4 (19.0)

 Cardiac arrest during CPR, n (%)

7 (33.3)

 RV strain, n (%)

11 (73.3)

 Sinus tachycardia/atrial fibrillation, n (%)

13 (86.7)

 Echocardiography (n = 20), n (%)

19 (95.0) (pre-ECMO: 13, post-ECMO: 6)

 RV/LV diameter ratio on CT (n = 19)

1.6 ± 0.6 (range, 0.7 to 2.8)

 RV/LV diameter ratio ≥ 0.9, n (%)

18 (94.7) (pre-ECMO: 13, post-ECMO: 5)

Pre-ECMO troponin I level (ng/mL) (within 24 h before ECMO initiation)

0.26 ± 0.39 (range, 0.01 to 1.34)

 Cardiac troponin I ≥ 0.04 ng/mL, n (%)

14 (66.7)

 pH

7.20 ± 0.18 (range, 6.82 to 7.50)

 Bicarbonates (mmol/L)

18.5 ± 7.2 (range, 9.6 to 31.6)

 SBE

−9.7 ± 8.6 (range, −23.7 to 4.4)

 PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (mmHg)

118.7 ± 93.8 (range, 21.8 to 376.8)

Time from symptoms to shock, hours

25.9 ± 54.3 (range, 0.0 to 238.2)

Time from shock to ECMO, hours

3.4 ± 4.3 (range, 0.4 to 18.3)