Table 1 General information of included patients

Gender

0.869

 Male

50

41

 Female

17

13

Age (years)

63.37 ± 7.49

63.74 ± 7.22

0.784

BMI (kg /m2)

22.69 ± 2.19

23.12 ± 2.61

0.326

Underlying diseases

0.556

 Yes

14

9

 No

53

45

Smoking history

0.673

 Yes

41

31

 No

26

23

Alcohol history

0.681

 Yes

44

36

 No

23

18

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

0.828

 Yes

7

5

 No

60

49

Preoprative HbAlc

7.58 ± 1.36

7.91 ± 1.64

0.228

Duration of diabetes history (years)

4.96 ± 2.56

5.27 ± 2.82

0.528

Operation type

0.324

 Minimally invasive

49

35

 Open

18

19

Identical parts

0.625

 Cervical

51

41

 Intrathoracic

16

13

Operating time (min)

208.27 ± 36.82

215.64 ± 41.52

0.303

Intraoperative blood loss (ml)

227.62 ± 50.26

239.81 ± 55.83

0.209

Tumor location

0.284

 Upper

4

6

 Middle

45

29

 Lower

18

19

Number of dissected lymph nodes

18.62 ± 11.16

20.34 ± 9.86

0.377

 Degree of tumor differentiation

0.439

 Well

9

10

 Moderately

40

26

 Poorly

18

18

TNM stage

0.307

 T1

13

7

 T2

34

24

 T3

20

23