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Table 3 Multivariable analysis of risk factors for clinical outcomes

From: Risk factor analysis of clinical outcomes of total aortic arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk with aortic balloon occlusion

Risk factors (Hosmer–Lemeshow fitness*)

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P

30-day mortality (0.189)

Heavy smoker

10.898

1.974–60.151

0.006

COPD history

10.198

1.096–94.915

0.041

Emergency operation

63.887

4.828–845.303

0.002

Preoperative leukocyte count (109/L)

(1.109)

(0.942–1.305)

(0.213)

Preoperative percentage of neutrophils (%)

1.123

1.020–1.237

0.018

CPB time (min)

1.010

1.005–1.015

 < 0.001

Continuous renal replacement therapy (0.401)

COPD history

7.965

1.079–58.783

0.042

Emergency operation

7.972

1.003–58.709

0.049

Preoperative Scr (μmol/L)

1.011

1.001–1.021

0.028

Preoperative leukocyte count (109/L)

1.191

1.015–1.399

0.032

Preoperative percentage of neutrophils (%)

(0.983)

(0.920–1.050)

(0.614)

Preoperative D-dimer (μg/ml)

1.088

1.007–1.017

0.032

CPB time (min)

1.013

1.008–1.018

 < 0.001

Acute kidney injury (0.709)

Weight (kg)

1.046

1.006–1.087

0.023

Height (cm)

0.954

0.916–0.993

0.022

Conventional group

2.493

1.025–6.061

0.044

Concomitant CABG

3.419

1.142–10.233

0.028

Preoperative Scr (μmol/L)

1.049

1.033–1.065

 < 0.001

Preoperative hemoglobin (g/L)

1.044

1.010–1.078

0.010

Preoperative platelet count (109/L)

0.922

0.985–0.999

0.032

Postoperative neutrophil count 0† (109/L)

1.200

1.081–1.332

0.001

Postoperative platelet count 0 (109/L)

0.989

0.978–1.000

0.044

Acute hepatic injury (0.953)

Conventional group

2.326

1.230–4.399

0.009

Preoperative AST (U/L)

1.031

1.005–1.057

0.021

CPB time (min)

1.008

1.003–1.014

0.002

Postoperative platelet count 0 (109/L)

0.989

0.983–0.996

0.002

Postoperative leukocyte count 0 (109/L)

1.094

1.019–1.176

0.014

Postoperative percentage of neutrophils 0 (%)

0.886

0.829–0.946

 < 0.001

Postoperative Scr (μmol/L)

1.010

1.004–1.015

 < 0.001

Temporal paraplegia (0.328)

Total abdominal aorta involvement

10.147

0.755–136.293

0.080

Preoperative Scr (μmol/L)

1.023

0.996–1.052

0.099

Delirium (1.000)

Postoperative mechanical ventilation (h)

1.033

1.010–1.057

0.005

Postoperative FDP (μg/mL)

1.067

1.001–1.136

0.045

Delayed conscious revival (> 12 h) (0.526)

Age (yrs)

1.048

1.019–1.078

0.001

Weight (kg)

1.027

1.005–1.050

0.015

Conventional group

2.521

1.475–4.309

0.001

Female

2.512

1.108–5.695

0.027

Preoperative ALT (U/L)

1.011

1.001–1.022

0.031

Postoperative Scr (μmol/L)

1.007

1.000–1.014

0.043

Prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 72 h) (0.342)

CPB time (min)

1.011

1.006–1.016

0.001

Severe lung infection (0.714)

Heavy smoker

80.126

2.161–2971.041

0.017

COPD history

48.864

1.337–1786.397

0.034

CPB time (min)

1.014

1.005–1.024

0.002

Postoperative Scr (μmol/L)

1.011

1.000–1.023

0.049

Platelet rebound‡ (0.106)

Conventional group

2.046

1.130–3.704

0.018

Postoperative platelet count 0 (109/L)

0.986

0.979–0.992

 < 0.001

Postoperative leukocyte count 0 (109/L)

1.121

1.034–1.215

0.006

Postoperative percentage of neutrophils 0 (%)

(0.992)

(0.928–1.060)

(0.809)

RBC transfusion total (U)

0.907

0.836–0.984

0.019

Plasma transfusion total (ml)

0.999

0.999–1.000

0.038

Final re-exam of platelet count time (d)

1.163

1.086–1.244

 < 0.001

Sub-acute hepatic injury (0.826)

Female

0.317

0.107 to 0.937

0.038

Postoperative ALT1§ (U/L)

1.008

1.001 to 1.015

0.032

Postoperative AST1 (U/L)

0.996

0.992 to 1.000

0.038

Cost less (< 20,000 USD) (0.804)

Total abdominal aorta involvement

0.250

0.109–0.575

0.001

CPB time (min)

0.978

0.965–0.990

0.001

Cost more (> 30,000 USD) (0.699)

Age (yrs)

1.034

1.001–1.069

0.046

Weight (kg)

1.033

1.006–1.061

0.017

Cardiac surgery history

6.211

1.828–21.103

0.003

Preoperative Scr (μmol/L)

1.011

1.004–1.019

0.004

Preoperative percentage of neutrophils (%)

0.956

0.917–0.996

0.031

Preoperative D-dimer (μg/mL)

1.062

1.004–1.124

0.036

CPB time (min)

1.007

1.003–1.011

 < 0.001

  1. ALT Alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, FDP fibrinogen degradation product, RBC red blood cell count, Scrserum creatinine, USD United States dollar, CAD coronary artery disease
  2. *Each multivariable analysis of risk factors can be accepted if the P value of Hosmer–Lemeshow fitness was more than 0.05
  3. †All the postoperative blood test 0 stands for the immediate reexamination time point when the operation ended and transferred to ICU
  4. ‡Platelet rebound stands for the last re-examination of platelet count during in hospital stay was higher than the preoperative level
  5. §All the postoperative blood test 1 stands for the reexamination time point of postoperative day 1
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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

ISSN: 1749-8090

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