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Table 1 Causes of injury, age, gender, and length of stay (LOS). Categorized by causes of injury, only age is statistically significant, which is probably due to that all children with stampede in school was injured during the same event after attending an final examination

From: A retrospective study of 51 pediatric cases of traumatic asphyxia

Causes of injury

Total

Age (year)

Sex

LOS (day)

n (%)

Mean ± SD

Male

Female

Min–Max (Median)

n (%)

n (%)

Total

51 (100.0%)

5.3 ± 2.9

30 (58.8%)

21 (41.2%)

3–73 (15)

Traffic accident

34 (66.7%)

4.9 ± 2.3

20 (66.7%)

14 (66.7%)

5–47 (15)

Vehicle roll-over

30 (88.2%)

4.9 ± 2.4

19 (95.0%)

12 (85.7%)

5–42 (15)

Inside the vehicle

3 (8.8%)

4.6 ± 1.5

1 (5.0%)

2 (14.3%)

14–47 (20)

Compressed between vehicles

1 (2.9%)

6.6 ± 0.0

0 (0.0%)

1 (7.1%)

13

Object compression

10 (19.6%)

4.0 ± 2.6

6 (20.0%)

4 (19.0%)

3–73 (10)

Object tip-over

3 (30.0%)

3.5 ± 3.3

2 (33.3%)

1 (25.0%)

6–12 (6)

Entrapment in the escalator

1 (10.0%)

3.2 ± 0.0

1 (16.7%)

0 (0.0%)

3

Entrapment in concrete mixer

1 (10.0%)

4.4 ± 0.0

1 (16.7%)

0 (0.0%)

55

Collapsed wall

1 (10.0%)

2.3 ± 0.0

1 (16.7%)

0 (0.0%)

19

Object or wound falling

2 (20.0%)

5.0 ± 0.0

1 (16.7%)

0 (0.0%)

11–73 (42)

Compressed by folding door

1 (10.0%)

3.3 ± 0.0

0 (0.0%)

1 (100.0%)

5

Stampede

5 (9.8%)

9.3 ± 0.6

3 (10.0%)

2 (9.5%)

10–30 (12)

Stampede in school

5 (100.0%)

9.3 ± 0.6

3 (100.0%)

2 (100.0%)

10–30 (12)

Other causes of injury

2 (3.9%)

7.9 ± 7.4

1 (3.3%)

1 (4.8%)

24–44 (34)

Knife stab

1 (50.0%)

13.2 ± 0.0

1 (100%)

0 (0.0%)

24

Falling from high and compressed by father

1 (50.0%)

2.7 ± 0.0

0 (0.0%)

1 (100%)

44

P

 

0.011a*

1.000b

0.309a

  1. *p < 0.05
  2. aKruskal Wallis test
  3. bFisher Freeman Halton Test