Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 80)

Gender (male)

54 (67.5%)

Age (years)

42.8 ± 14.2

BMI (kg/m²)

20.39 ± 3.13

Previous stay in CICU (days)

2.2 ± 1.5

Use of analgesic (cases)

21 (26.3%)

Use of hypnotics (cases)

26 (32.5%)

Preoperative WBC (*10⁹/L)

8.42 ± 3.81

Postoperative WBC (*10⁹/L)

19.39 ± 8.69

Preoperative Hb (g/L)

111.35 ± 23.96

Postoperative Hb (g/L)

101.68 ± 14.58

Preoperative Alb (g/L)

33.81 ± 5.88

Postoperative Alb (g/L)

32.42 ± 3.89

Preoperative CRP (mg/L)

23.33 ± 25.22

Postoperative CRP (mg/L)

40.65 ± 35.79

Postoperative PCT (ng/ml)

0.69 ± 1.33

Vegetation ≥ 10 mm

41 (51.3%)

Multi-valve involvement

7 (8.8%)

Complication of embolism

19 (23.75%)