Fig. 2

Intraoperative images. A A 5-cm skin incision was made at the fifth intercostal space (ICS) in the anterior axillary line, and a wound protector was placed at the subcutaneous muscular layer. B An 8-mm camera port placed at the fifth ICS in the anterior axillary line as the second arm. C The distance between each port was about 3 cm, with an 8-mm robotic port inserted each at the fifth ICS on the anterior axillary line as the second arm, at the fourth ICS on the anterior side as the first arm, and at the sixth ICS on the anterior side as the third arm. D The tumor is indicated by the white dotted circle. E and F The monopolar spatula attached to the 3rd arm was replaced with a da Vinci® Vessel Sealer Extend to continue the excision. G Complete dissection and removal of the tumor from the cranial side