Predictors of major adverse events and complications after ventricular septal defects surgical closure in children less than 10 kg

Table 5 Univariate analysis and multivariable regression analysis for the factors associated with a prolonged ICU stay

Prolonged ICU stay
Univariate analysis						p value
Sex	Female	34	53.1	26	41.3	0.181
Sex	Male	30	46.9	37	58.7	0.181
Age at operation	Median (IQR)	8.0 (6.0–10.0)		9.0 (6.0–12.0)		0.244
Weight at operation	Median (IQR)	5.5 (4.8–7.0)		5.7 (4.8–7.0)		0.739
Down Syndrome	No	49	76.6	39	61.9	0.073
Down Syndrome	Yes	15	23.4	24	38.1	0.073
Type of VSD	Others	8	12.5	8	12.7	0.889
	Inlet	20	31.3	24	38.1
	Outlet	16	25.0	14	22.2
	PM	17	26.6	13	20.6
	Multiple	3	4.7	4	6.3
Associated CHD	No	29	45.3	23	36.5	0.313
Associated CHD	Yes	35	54.7	40	63.5	0.313
Right ventricular hypertrophy	No	60	93.8	41	65.1	0.022*
Right ventricular hypertrophy	Yes	4	6.3	22	34.9	0.022*
Pulmonary artery banding	No	62	96.9	39	61.9	< 0.001*
Pulmonary artery banding	Yes	2	3.1	24	38.1	< 0.001*
VSD Repair	Interrupted	32	50.0	39	61.9	0.177
VSD Repair	Continuous	32	50.0	24	38.1	0.177
Significant intraoperative Residual VSD	No	63	98.4	50	79.4	0.001*
Significant intraoperative Residual VSD	Yes	1	1.6	13	20.6	0.001*
Cross clamp time (Minutes)	Median (IQR)	55.0 (45.0–63.0)		65.0 (52.0–84.0)		< 0.001*
Total CPB time (Minutes)	Median (IQR)	80.0 (68.0–87.0)		93.0 (80.0–124.0)		< 0.001*

Multivariable logistic regression analysis
Risk factors	Beta coefficient	p value	Odds ratio	95% CI Odds ratio
Pulmonary artery banding	2.668	0.001*	14.415	3.031–68.547
Significant intraoperative (3 mm) residual VSD	2.421	0.034*	11.262	1.203–105.38
CPB time	-0.050	0.064	0.915	0.905–1.003
Cross clamp time	0.062	0.0091*	1.064	1.016–1.114

ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, VSD ventricular septal defect, CHD congenital heart disease, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass;
^*significant at p < 0.05

ISSN: 1749-8090