Fig. 2

Surgical findings. Skin incisions (A). Three ports (blue arrowhead) and two access windows were used to resect the tumor. To bridge the anterior and posterior edges of the ribs, two 6-cm-sized windows (yellow dotted lines) were placed across the ribs (red dotted line)

Intrathoracic findings (B). The chest wall was resected first with manual manipulation from two access windows (C–E). The left apicoposterior segmentectomy was then completed (F). Pathological findings show adenocarcinoma with invasion up to the third rib (G)