Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population
Overall N = 300 | |
|---|---|
Demographics and past medical history | |
Age, years, median [Q1-Q3] | 70 [63–76] |
Males, n (%) | 253 (84.3) |
BMI, kg/m2, median [Q1-Q3] | 27 [24–30] |
Hypertension, n (%) | 236 (78.7) |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 233 (77.6) |
Diabetes, n (%) On insulin, n (%) | 95 (31.7) 14 (4.7) |
Smoker | |
Current, n (%) | 45 (15) |
Previous, n (%) | 137 (45.7) |
Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 58 (19.3) |
Previous PCI/CABG, n (%) | 47 (15.7) |
Previous episode of congestive heart failure, n (%) | 43 (14.3) |
Previous stroke/TIA, n (%) | 23 (7.7) |
Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 58 (19.3) |
Symptomatic chronic lung disease, n (%) | 18 (6) |
Dialysis, n (%) | 4 (1.3) |
Pre-operative clinical characteristics | |
Hospitalization for ACS, n (%) | 101 (33.7) |
Left main stenosis > 50%, n (%) | 73 (24.3) |
Three-vessel disease, n (%) | 147 (49) |
LVEF, %, median [Q1-Q3] ≥ 50%, n (%) 40–49%, n (%) < 40%, n (%) | 60 [51–65] 243 (81) 40 (13.3) 17 (5.7) |
Creatinine, mg/dl, median [Q1-Q3] | 0.96 [0.8–1.12] |
Estimated GFR by Cockcroft-Gault, ml/min, mean ± SD | 82 ± 32 |
Other pre-operative risk assessment parameters | |
Reduced mobility, n (%) | 0 (0) |
Critical pre-operative status, n (%) | 4 (1.3) |
NYHA class dyspnea | |
I, n (%) II, n (%) III, n (%) IV, n (%) | 174 (58.0) 81 (27.0) 32 (10.7) 13 (4.3) |
CCS Class IV angina, n (%) | 55 (18.3) |
Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 3 (1) |
Active IE, n (%) | 3 (1) |
MI in the previous 90 days, n (%) | 63 (21) |
Estimated PASP | |
≤ 30 mmHg, n (%) 31–55 mmHg, n (%) > 55 mmHg, n (%) | 268 (89.3) 29 (9.7) 3 (1) |
Non-elective operation, n (%) | 131 (43.7) |
EuroScore II estimated risk of in-hospital mortality, mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 4.8 |
Main indication for surgical treatment | |
CAD, n (%) AS, n (%) AR, n (%) MR, n (%) CAD + AR, n (%) CAD + MR, n (%) IE, n (%) Other#, n (%) | 223 (74.3) 43 (14.3) 15 (5) 10 (3.3) 1 (0.3) 2 (0.7) 3 (1) 3 (1) |