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Fig. 3 | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Fig. 3

From: Preoperative inhalation therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing lung surgery: a retrospective study

Fig. 3

Comparison of FEV1.0 changes in the four groups at study time points. a Amount of change in FEV1.0 at study time points; b rate of change in FEV1.0 in comparison with the initial visit; and c rate of change in FEV1.0 at 1 and 6 months after surgery in comparison with immediately after preoperative interventions. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1.0, forced expiratory volume in 1.0 s; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist

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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

ISSN: 1749-8090

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