Fig. 2

Fentanyl use by treatment group. These boxplots show significantly more liberal use of fentanyl in the MMA group, which accounts for all outlier MME > 500 mg seen in the data. This drives the significantly higher use of MME when MME is treated as a continuous, log-transformed outcome. The rectangles of the boxplot reflect the Q1, median, and Q3 of the data; the diamond is the mean, while circles beyond the whiskers are outliers. For purposes of graphing on a log scale, patients on no fentanyl were marked at 1 mcg. Max value in the MMA group: 21,689 mcg, mean 800 mcg, median 50 mcg. Max in the opioid group: 1610 mcg, mean 28 mcg, median 0 mcg. For conversion, 1000 mcg fentanyl equals 300 mg MME