Table 1 Association between individual components of the m6A modification system and vascular diseases

Writer

METTL3

Increased

Major catalytic subunit

[32, 33]

METTL14

Increased

RNA adaptor that enhances METTL3 function

[32, 33]

METTL16

Increased

Catalytic subunit (on adenosine in loops or secondary structures outside DRACH motif)

Regulates the expression of S-adenosyl methionine synthase

[42,43,44]

WTAP

Increased

Guides binding of METTL3/METTL14 heterodimer to target RNA

Increases DSP and leads to brain arteriovenous malformation lesions

[36,37,38,39,40,41]

VIRMA (KIAA1429)

Increased

Catalytic subunit

[45]

Eraser

FTO

Reduced

Role in tumorigenesis, oocyte maturation and adipose tissue regulation

[46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]

ALKBH5

Reduced

Fundamental and widespread role within mammalian cells

[46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]

Reader

YTHDF1

–

Facilitates target mRNA translation (combined with eIF3)

[29]

YTHDF2

–

Reduces the stability of m6A-methylated mRNA

[2]

YTHDF3

–

Role in the initiation of translation (through interaction with YTHDF1 and YTHDF2)

[60]

YTHDC2

–

Facilitates mRNA translation

Affects mRNA stability

[61, 62]

YTHDC1

–

Regulates pre-mRNA splicing and maturation

Role in the nucleus transport of methylated mRNAs

[26]

HNRNPs

–

Alters the structure of target RNA for recognition by RNA binding proteins

[31, 63, 64]