Table 2 Association between RNA m6A methylation and risk factors of vascular diseases

Obesity

m6A-SNP rs6859 (3ʹUTR-PVRL2)

–

–

Increases LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides

Causes lipid metabolism dysfunction

[65]

zfp217

Upregulated

Reduced

Decreases m6A-YTHDF2, leading to obesity

[66]

FTO

Downregulated

Increased

Decreases total cholesterol and LDL

Suppresses the formation of atherosclerotic plaques

[67]

Upregulated

Reduced

Promotes the formation and differentiation of adipocytes

[68]

FTO rs9939609 variant

–

–

Increases triglyceride, SCD40L, visfatin, homocysteine, and total cholesterol levels

Increases body mass index

[69, 70]

FTO rs1421085 variant

–

–

Promotes macronutrient intake, obesity, and T2DM

[71]

T2DM

FTO

Upregulated

Reduced

Increases FOX1, G6PC, and DGAT2, leading to dysfunction of lipid and glucose metabolism

[72]

IGF1-AKT-PDX1

Downregulated

Reduced

Inhibits β-cell arrest and insulin secretion, leading to glucose intolerance and T2DM

[74]

METTL14

Upregulated

Increased

Affects the differentiation and function of β-cells

[75]

Hypertension

m6A-SNPs rs9847953 and rs197922

–

–

Affects blood pressure regulation

[76]

MC4R rs17782313 variant

–

–

Affects diastolic pressure and blood pressure

[77]

FTO

Downregulated

Increased

Protects against tachycardia, hypertension, and vascular resistance

[78]

Atheroslerosis

METTL3

Upregulated

Increased

Increases m6A-FOXO1, increasing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, leading to atherosclerosis

[79, 79]

METTL14

Upregulated

Increased

Increased by TNF-α, leads to atherosclerosis

[79]

FTO rs9939609 variant

–

–

Important risk factor of atherosclerosis

[70]