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Table 1 Preoperative cohort characteristics

From: Impact of smoking on the outcomes of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass

Variable

Smokers (n = 135)

Non-smokers (n = 223)

Ex-smokers (n = 183)

p value

Median

(1Q; 3Q)

Median

(1Q; 3Q)

Median

(1Q; 3Q)

Weight [kg]

82

(72; 94)

80

(71; 92)

85

(74; 96)

0.049

Heigth [cm]

174

(168; 178)

170

(161; 176)

172

(167; 175)

 < 0.001

Age [years]

58.7

(52.9; 66.0)

69.2

(61.1; 76.2)

66.5

(58.8; 73.0)

 < 0.0001

BMI [kg· m−2]

27.3

(24.6; 30.5)

27.9

(25.6; 31.2)

28.4

(25.8; 31.7)

0.05

BSA [m2]

1.96

(1.83; 2.12)

1.91

(1.79; 2.06)

1.98

(1.84; 2.11)

0.01

Creatinin [μmol/l]

84.0

(70; 97)

88.0

(75; 103)

87.0

(76; 105)

0.03

LVEF [%]

59

(45; 65)

60

(55; 65)

55

(45; 65)

 < 0.001

EuroSCORE II [%]

0.98

(0.69; 1.75)

1.23

(0.82; 2.09)

1.14

(0.75; 2.51)

0.02

Variable

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

p value

Female sex [n, %]

16

(11.9)

80

(35.9)

29

(15.9)

 < 0.0001

Diabetes [n, %]

34

(25.2)

79

(35.4)

69

(37.7)

0.049

Hypertension [n, %]

99

(73.3)

186

(83.4)

139

(76.0)

0.05

Renal Failure [n, %]

5

(3.7)

8

(3.6)

8

(4.4)

0.91

Dyslipidemia [n, %]

77

(57.0)

148

(66.4)

126

(68.9)

0.08

Cardiac arrhythmias [n, %]:

      

0.66

Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter

6

(4.4)

15

(6.7)

11

(6.0)

 

Pacemaker

1

(0.7)

6

(2.7)

3

(1.6)

 

Cerebral ATS [n, %]

8

(5.9)

13

(5.8)

15

(8.2)

0.59

PAD [n, %]

27

(20.0)

15

(6.7)

35

(19.1)

 < 0.001

COPD [n, %]

35

(25.9)

12

(5.4)

28

(15.3)

 < 0.0001

Stroke [n, %]

10

(7.4)

18

(8.1)

22

(12.0)

0.27

CCS class [n, %]:

      

0.02

I

57

(42.5)

60

(27.0)

66

(36.1)

 

II

33

(24.6)

69

(31.1)

60

(32.8)

 

III

23

(17.2)

55

(24.8)

40

(21.9)

 

IV

21

(15.7)

38

(17.1)

17

(9.3)

 

NYHA class [n, %]:

      

0.09

I

72

(53.7)

85

(38.3)

75

(41.0)

 

II

46

(34.3)

87

(39.2)

77

(42.1)

 

III

12

(9.0)

40

(18.0)

25

(13.7)

 

IV

4

(3.0)

10

(4.5)

6

(3.3)

 

History of AMI [n, %]

77

(57.0)

95

(42.6)

111

(60.7)

 < 0.001

Previous Cardiac Surgery [n, %]

11

(8.2)

21

(9.4)

11

(6.0)

0.45

Extent of Coronary Disease [n, %]:

      

0.1

1-vessel

70

(51.9)

115

(51.6)

73

(39.9)

 

2-vessel

43

(31.9)

67

(30.0)

64

(35.0)

 

3-vessel

22

(16.3)

41

(18.4)

46

(25.1)

 

Previous PCI [n, %]

43

(31.9)

56

(25.1)

72

(39.3)

0.009

Severe heart valve disease [n, %]

17

(12.6)

28

(12.6)

23

(12.6)

1

Intravenous nitrates preoperatively [n, %]

4

(3.0)

4

(1.8)

5

(2.7)

0.7

Anticoagulation preoperatively [n, %]

37

(27.4)

46

(20.6)

31

(16.9)

0.08

  1. The influence of smoking status on the outcomes was tested by Pearson’s Chi-square test for categorical variables, and Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance with post-hoc Dunn ‘s test with Bonferroni modification for continuous variables
  2. Values highlighted in bold were found to be statistically significant
  3. 1Q first quartile; 3Q third quartile; AMI acute myocardial infarction, BMI body mass index; BSA body surface area; CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification of chest angina; Cerebral ATS cerebral atherosclerosis defined as a radiologically proven significant stenosis of cardinal cerebral vessels; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EuroSCORE II risk model for the calculation of the risk of 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery; LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA New York Heart Association classification of dyspnea; PAD peripheral artery disease; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; Severe heart valve disease—defined as higher than moderate grade of any heart valve regurgitation/stenosis
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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

ISSN: 1749-8090

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