Fig. 1
Source: VIBe Scale [Internet] [43]
Validated intraoperative bleeding scale grading. Validated intraoperative bleeding (VIBe) scale grades are based on visual field and anatomic appearance, qualitative description, and visual estimated blood loss. Grade 0: No bleeding; reflects clinically insignificant and unremarkable bleeds. Grade 1: Mild; bleeds represent a general ooze, which well up over 1–2 min after blotting with gauze. Grade 2: Moderate; bleeds visibly well up after blotting, and are usually considered distracting to the surgical procedure. Grade 3: Severe; rupture of venous plexus during posterior lumbar laminectomy. Grade 3 bleeds well up immediately after blotting, and require treatment to continue with the surgery. Grade 4: Life threatening; Grade 4 bleeds are life-threatening and require immediate surgical treatment