Table 2 Demographic, General Information and Statistical Analysis
Characteristics | Non-pharmacological intervention (n = 388) | Pharmacological conversion (n = 258) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 60.73 ± 8.9 | 60.22 ± 8.0 | 0.458 |
Gender | 0.645 | ||
Male | 332 (85.6) | 225 (87.2) | |
Female | 56 (14.4) | 33 (12.8) | |
Operation site and complexity | 0.827 | ||
Lungs | 333 (85.8) | 223 (86.4) | 0.920 |
Pulmonary wedge or segment resection | 4 (1.2) | 2 (0.9) | |
Pulmonary lobectomy | 268 (80.5) | 185 (83.0) | |
Pulmonary lobectomy with sleeve resection | 25 (7.5) | 15 (6.7) | |
Pneumonectomy | 36 (10.8) | 21 (9.4) | |
Esophagus | 55 (14.2) | 35 (13.6) | 0.964 |
Sweet operation | 18 (32.7) | 12 (34.3) | |
Mckeown operation | 22 (40.0) | 13 (37.1) | |
Ivor-Lewis operation | 15 (27.3) | 10 (28.6) | |
Approach | 0.124 | ||
Video-assisted thorascopic surgery | 81 (20.9) | 41 (15.9) | |
Open operation | 307 (79.1) | 217 (84.1) | |
Laterality of operation | 0.066 | ||
Right | 236 (60.8) | 176 (68.2) | |
Left | 152 (39.2) | 82 (31.8) | |
Anesthesia type | 0.798 | ||
General | 369 (95.1) | 249 (96.5) | |
General + paravertebral block | 17 (4.4) | 8 (3.1) | |
General + epidural block | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | |
Duration of anesthesia, min | 216.4 ± 61.5 | 221.3 ± 45.6 | 0.268 |
Co-existing baseline diseases | |||
Hypertension | 0.544 | ||
Yes | 32 (8.3) | 17 (6.6) | |
No | 356 (91.7) | 241 (93.4) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.523 | ||
Yes | 28 (7.2) | 15 (5.8) | |
No | 360 (92.8) | 243 (94.2) | |
Coronary artery disease | 0.747 | ||
Yes | 7 (1.8) | 3 (1.2) | |
No | 381 (98.2) | 255 (98.8) | |
Respiratory deficiency | 0.902 | ||
Yes | 7 (1.8) | 5 (1.9) | |
No | 381 (98.2) | 253 (98.1) | |
Obesity | 0.925 | ||
Yes | 13 (3.4) | 9 (3.5) | |
No | 375 (96.6) | 249 (96.5) | |
ASA classification | 0.339 | ||
I | 23 (5.9) | 9 (3.5) | |
II | 302 (77.8) | 215 (83.3) | |
III | 61 (15.7) | 33 (12.8) | |
IV | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | |
V | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) |