Table 1 Basic characteristics of included studies and literature quality evaluation table
study | country | Study type | Follow-up time(year) | Diagnosis mode of atrial fibrillation | Sample Size(AF+/AF-) | age(y) | male(%) | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min-Tsun,2021 | China,Taiwan | Case-control study | 8.5 | ICD-9CM | 1169/9741 | 62 ± 13 | 52.5 | 8 |
Robinson,1990 | UK | Retrospective cohort study | 7 | physical examination、dynamic electrocardiogram | 52/122 | NR | 55.7 | 6 |
Konstantinos, 2014 | USA | Retrospective cohort study | 6.1 | electrocardiogram | 650/3023 | 55 ± 16 | 55 | 7 |
Tian, 2013 | China | Case-control study | 4.2 | ultrasound cardiogram | 112/542 | 50 ± 15 | 71 | 8 |
Maron,2000 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 8 | ultrasound cardiogram | 153/591 | NR | 62 | 8 |
Lee,2017 | Korea | Retrospective cohort study | 5.5 | ultrasound cardiogram | 77/229 | 62 ± 11 | NR | 8 |
Iacopo,2001 | Italy/USA | Prospective cohort study | 9.1 | electrocardiogram | 107/373 | 55 ± 15 | NR | 8 |
Higashikawa,1997 | Japan | Retrospective cohort study | 5 | ultrasound cardiogram | 19/64 | 50.3 ± 13.9/55.5 ± 7.8 | 72.3 | 6 |
Milind,2015 | USA | Prospective cohort study | 8.1 | ultrasound cardiogram | 282/1247 | 50 ± 13 | 63 | 7 |
Song,2013 | China | Case-control study | 0.5–0.8 | ultrasound cardiogram | 123/344 | 51.8 ± 13.1/48.5 ± 16.0 | 56 | 8 |
Hyun-Jung,2020 | Korea | Case-control study | 2.5 | ICD-10CM | 1169/7180 | 60.7 ± 11.9 | 69.2 | 9 |