Fig. 2From: Retrospective single-arm cohort study of video-assisted thoracic surgery for treatment of idiopathic peripherally located simple type pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in 23 consecutive patients A case with invisible PAVM without pleural bulge. The distance between pleural surface and PAVM (arrow, a) was 2.5 mm on CT, and no purple vessel nor pleural bulge of PAVM were seen. Intraoperative ultrasonography (arrow, b) well depicted the PAVM (arrow, c)Back to article page