Table 1 Clinical characteristics of derivation cohort (N = 45,744) (%)
Preoperative variable | No agitated delirium (n = 44240, 96.7%) | Agitated delirium (n = 1504, 3.3%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | < 0.001 | ||
< 60 | 25,056 (56.6) | 728 (48.4) | |
60–74 | 17,246 (39.0) | 693 (46.1) | |
≥ 75 | 1938 (4.4) | 83 (5.5) | |
Gender | < 0.001 | ||
Female | 15,460 (34.9) | 307 (20.4) | |
Male | 28,780 (65.1) | 1197 (79.6) | |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 3454 (7.8) | 158 (10.5) | < 0.001 |
Previous COPD | 631 (1.4) | 37 (2.5) | 0.001 |
History of cardiac surgery | 1145 (2.6) | 31 (2.1) | 0.204 |
IABP use | 43 (0.1) | 4 (0.3) | 0.068 |
Infective endocarditis | 338 (0.8) | 14 (0.9) | 0.467 |
Proteinuria | 630 (1.4) | 37 (2.5) | 0.001 |
Hypertension | 14,916 (33.7) | 592 (39.4) | < 0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes | 8543 (19.3) | 327 (21.7) | 0.019 |
NYHA classification = 4 | 1087 (2.5) | 76 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
LVEF | < 0.001 | ||
Normal (> 60%) | 43,347 (98.0) | 1436 (95.5) | |
Mild damage (46%-60%) | 695 (1.6) | 45 (3.0) | |
Moderate damage (30–45%) | 178 (0.4) | 20 (1.3) | |
Severe damage (< 30%) | 20 (0.0) | 3 (0.2) | |
Serum creatinine (umol/L) | < 0.001 | ||
< 70 | 14,547 (32.9) | 298 (19.8) | |
70–100 | 25,164 (56.9) | 904 (60.1) | |
101–120 | 3059 (6.9) | 172 (11.4) | |
121–150 | 895 (2.0) | 60 (4.0) | |
> 150 | 575 (1.3) | 70 (4.7) | |
Emergency surgery | 1817 (4.1) | 217 (14.4) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol user | 35,829 (81.0) | 1296 (86.2) | < 0.001 |
Tobacco exposure | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 19,388 (43.8) | 802 (53.3) | |
Unknown | 1094 (2.5) | 17 (1.1) | |
Carotid artery stenosis | 1187 (2.7) | 62 (4.1) | 0.001 |
History of stroke | 2993 (6.8) | 136 (9.0) | 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease | 42,651 (96.4) | 1481 (98.5) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | < 0.001 | ||
Normal (35–45) | 27,271 (61.6) | 994 (66.1) | |
Abnormal (< 35 OR > 45) | 16,628 (37.6) | 487 (32.4) | |
Unknown | 341 (0.8) | 23(1.5) | |
Total protein (g/L) | < 0.001 | ||
> 65 | 33,790 (76.4) | 1021 (67.9) | |
≤ 65 | 10,111 (22.9) | 460 (30.6) | |
Unknown | 339 (0.8) | 23 (1.5) | |
Simvastatin use | 15,405 (34.8) | 505 (33.6) | 0.319 |
Beta-blocker use | 23,717 (53.6) | 830 (55.2) | 0.228 |
The type of surgery | < 0.001 | ||
Others* | 3107 (7.0) | 91 (6.1) | |
CABG | 19,988 (45.2) | 673 (44.7) | |
Valve Surgery | 10,159 (23.0) | 317 (21.1) | |
Great vessel surgery | 3374 (7.6) | 159 (10.6) | |
Combined surgery | 7612 (17.2) | 264 (17.6) | |
Intraoperative variable | |||
Bypass time (min) | 0.008 | ||
Off-pump surgery | 12,036 (27.2) | 393 (26.1) | |
≤ 120 min | 22,399 (50.6) | 727 (48.3) | |
> 120 min | 9805 (22.2) | 384 (25.5) | |
Hemorrhage volume | < 0.001 | ||
≤ 600 mL | 37,606 (85.0) | 1003 (66.7) | |
> 600 mL | 6634 (15.0) | 501 (33.3) | |
RBC use | 7322 (16.6) | 434 (28.9) | < 0.001 |
Platelet use | 2187 (4.9) | 270 (18.0) | < 0.001 |
Plasma use | 4744 (10.7) | 406 (27.0) | < 0.001 |
Postoperative variable | |||
LVEF (> 60%,reference group) | 11,655 (26.3) | 328 (21.8) | < 0.001 |
Mild damage (46%-60%) | 16,959 (38.3) | 667 (44.3) | |
Moderate damage (30–45%) | 2616 (5.9) | 163 (10.8) | |
Severe damage (< 30%) | 131 (0.3) | 11 (0.7) | |
Unknown | 12,879 (29.1) | 335 (22.3) | |
Serum creatinine (umol/L) | < 0.001 | ||
< 70 | 13,624 (30.8) | 364 (24.2) | |
70–100 | 21,243 (48.0) | 674 (44.8) | |
101–120 | 3253 (7.4) | 161 (10.7) | |
121–150 | 909 (2.1) | 77 (5.1) | |
> 150 | 252 (0.6) | 36 (2.4) | |
Unknown | 4959 (11.2) | 192 (12.8) |