Table 5 Subgroup analysis for PML technique
Resection | Artificial chords | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Cohort | 122 | 88 | |
Age (years) | 58 ± 12 | 65 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
Male gender | 100 (82,0) | 62 (70,5) | 0.072 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 4.3 | 26.3 ± 5.5 | 0.268 |
NYHA class I II III IV | 30 (24.8) 38 (31.4) 53 (43.8) 0 (0.0) | 10 (11.6) 38 (44.2) 38 (44.2) 0 (0.0) | 0.058 |
EuroSCORE II | 0.98 [0.68–1.39] | 1,11 [0.75–1.76] | 0.165 |
Risk factors | |||
Previous cardiac surgery | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.171 |
Hypertension | 61 (50.4) | 54 (62.8) | 0.077 |
Diabetes | 8 (6.6) | 10 (11.6) | 0.312 |
Dyslipidemia | 25 (20.7) | 20 (23.3) | 0.656 |
COPD | 10 (10.0) | 6 (7.0) | 0.638 |
Previous stroke | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
PVD | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) | 0.224 |
AF | 21 (17.4) | 18 (20.7) | 0.543 |
Pacemaker-ICD | 2 (1.7) | 4 (4.7) | > 0.99 |
CKD | 7 (5.8) | 10 (11.6) | 0.211 |
Preoperative echocardiographic features | |||
LVEF (%) | 58.3 ± 4.6 | 58.4 ± 3.6 | 0.900 |
PAP (mmHg) | 33.2 ± 8.5 | 34.0 ± 9.4 | 0.551 |
Intraoperative data | |||
Times (min) CPB Cross-clamp | 126 ± 28 94 ± 21 | 122 ± 38 90 ± 27 | 0.397 0.211 |
Surgical technique | |||
Ring size (mm) | 34.1 ± 1.7 | 33.9 ± 1.7 | 0.366 |
Edge-to-edge repair | 3 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.266 |
Cleft closure | 6 (4.9) | 11 (12.5) | 0.083 |
Other procedures TV repair LAA closure PFO closure Monopolar AF ablation | 5 (4.1) 0 (0.0) 4 (3.3) 6 (5.0) | 9 (10.3) 3 (3.4) 1 (1.1) 8 (9.2) | 0.138 0.072 0.403 0.268 |
Conversion to full-sternotomy | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Early postoperative period | |||
Mortality Intraoperative 30-days | 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) | 0 (0,0) 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Mechanical ventilation time (hours) | 5 [4–7] | 6 [5–9] | 0.085 |
ICU stay (days) | 2 [1–2] | 2 [1–2] | 0.112 |
Hospital stay (days) | 6 [5–6] | 6 [6–7] | 0.127 |
Transfusions Whole blood Plasma Platelets | 18 (15.0) 2 (1.7) 2 (1.7) | 23 (27.1) 2 (2.4) 0 (0.0) | 0.034 > 0.99 0.512 |
Vasopressors (> 12 h) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (3.5) | 0.668 |
Bleeding requiring surgical revision | 4 (3.3) | 2 (2.3) | > 0.99 |
IABP/ECMO | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.416 |
Dialysis | 0 (0.0) | 6 (7.0) | 0.005 |
AMI | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.416 |
Stroke | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
POAF | 11 (9.1) | 19 (22.1) | 0.009 |
Echocardiographic features at hospital discharge | |||
Residual MR (\(\ge\) 3+) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.415 |
MV mean gradient (mmHg) | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 0.190 |
LVEF (%) | 58.2 ± 3.9 | 57,6 ± 4.9 | 0.384 |
Follow-up | |||
Follow-up (months) Follow-up completion | 35 [18–51] 114 (93,4) | 12 [8–24] 82 (95,4) | < 0.001 |
Follow-up mortality | 2 (1.6) | 2 (2.3) | > 0.99 |
MV replacement | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.1) | > 0.99 |
Echocardiographic features at follow-up | |||
Residual MR 0 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ | 18 (15.5) 91 (78.4) 4 (3.4) 3 (2.6) 0 (0.0) | 15 (18.8) 62 (77.5) 2 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.3) | 0.479 |
LVEF (%) | 58.3 ± 3.8 | 57.8 ± 3.6 | 0.240 |
AMI | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Stroke | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.3) | > 0.99 |
Thrombotic events | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.99 |
Hemorrhagic events | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.3) | > 0.99 |
De novo AF | 2 (1,7) | 5 (6.3) | 0.122 |