Fig. 2

(A) Once the precise range of TS was identified, the anterior wall was incised at 0.5 cm distal from the lower edge of TS; (B) A backup tracheal catheter was inserted to distal trachea for MV, and isolation and separation of the stenosis was performed carefully to avoid the injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve; (C) The stenotic trachea was removed and the anastomosis of posterior wall of the trachea was performed continuously by with Prolene line; and (D) The distal backup tracheal catheter was removed and the proximal tracheal catheter was placed via the anastomosis into the distal trachea. The shoulder roll was removed and the anterior wall of trachea was sutured intermittently by vicryl sutures