Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the derivation set
Total | Non-AKI group | AKI group | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 1509 | N = 1258 | N = 251 | ||
Demographics | ||||
Age (years)* | 69.2 (6.0) | 69.1 (6.0) | 69.9 (6.4) | 0.017 |
Male sex, n (%) | 1043 (69.1) | 876 (69.6) | 167 (66.5) | 0.332 |
Smoker, n (%) | 298 (19.7) | 254 (20.2) | 44 (17.5) | 0.334 |
Drinker, n (%) | 242 (16.0) | 199 (15.8) | 43 (17.1) | 0.605 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) * | 25.2 (4.1) | 25.2 (4.0) | 24.9 (4.3) | 0.469 |
Complication, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 987 (65.4) | 813 (64.6) | 174 (69.3) | 0.153 |
T2DM | 567 (37.6) | 446 (35.5) | 121 (48.2) | <0.001 |
Hyperlipemia | 831 (55.1) | 705 (56.0) | 126 (50.2) | 0.089 |
Prior MI | 219 (14.5) | 178 (14.1) | 41 (16.3) | 0.369 |
Prior cerebral infarction | 165 (10.9) | 134 (10.7) | 31 (12.4) | 0.431 |
Prior PCI | 163 (10.8) | 140 (11.1) | 23 (9.2) | 0.360 |
Prior CABG | 29 (1.9) | 18 (1.4) | 11 (4.4) | 0.002 |
NYHA cardiac functional class, n (%) | ||||
Class III/IV | 295 (19.5) | 226 (18.0) | 69 (27.5) | 0.001 |
Vital signs at admission* | ||||
Heart rate (bpm) | 76 (12) | 76 (12) | 77 (10) | 0.065 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 (17) | 130 (18) | 130 (18) | 0.102 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (12) | 76 (12) | 76 (11) | 0.684 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 94.7 (12.0) | 94.7 (12.0) | 95.3 (12.3) | 0.249 |
Laboratory examination s at admission* | ||||
eGFR (mL/min) | 77.4 (28.1) | 78.4 (27.3) | 71.4 (30.1) | <0.001 |
SCr (µmol/L) | 72.4 (21.9) | 72 (21) | 75.7 (29.4) | 0.001 |
UA (µmol/L) | 319.7 (124.0) | 316.9 (124.0) | 343.7 (126.1) | 0.001 |
BNP (pg/ml) | 188.0 (226.5) | 174.0 (213.0) | 251.0 (267.0) | <0.001 |
PLT count (*109/L) | 206 (82) | 207 (82) | 195 (79) | 0.008 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.33 (0.79) | 2.33 (0.80) | 2.33 (0.70) | 0.867 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.48 (0.62) | 1.49 (0.62) | 1.47 (0.63) | 0.957 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.92 (0.97) | 3.92 (0.98) | 3.92 (0.9) | 0.899 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.25) | 1.03 (0.24) | 1.03 (0.29) | 0.637 |
ALT (U/L) | 19 (15) | 20 (16) | 17 (13) | 0.014 |
AST (U/L) | 21 (11) | 21 (11) | 21 (12) | 0.810 |
Preoperative concomitant medication, n (%) | ||||
Aspirin | 415 (27.5) | 356 (28.3) | 59 (23.5) | 0.12 |
ACE inhibitor/ARB | 232 (15.4) | 185 (14.7) | 47 (18.7) | 0.107 |
Beta blocker | 1155 (76.5) | 989 (78.6) | 166 (66.1) | <0.001 |
Statin therapy | 288 (19.1) | 249 (19.8) | 39 (15.5) | 0.117 |
PPI | 370 (24.5) | 326 (25.9) | 44 (17.5) | 0.005 |
Loop diuretic | 304 (20.1) | 233 (18.5) | 71 (28.3) | <0.001 |
Thiazide | 54 (3.6) | 45 (3.6) | 9 (3.6) | 0.995 |
Spirolactone | 165 (10.9) | 123 (9.8) | 42 (16.7) | 0.001 |
Contrast agent | 385 (25.5) | 318 (25.3) | 67 (26.7) | 0.639 |
Metformin | 160 (10.6) | 137 (10.9) | 23 (9.2) | 0.417 |
Intraoperative | ||||
RBC transfusion, n (%) | 350 (23.2) | 270 (21.5) | 80 (31.9) | <0.001 |
PLT transfusion, n (%) | 19 (1.3) | 8 (0.6) | 11 (4.4) | <0.001 |
Plasma transfusion, n (%) | 129 (8.5) | 92 (7.3) | 37 (14.7) | <0.001 |
Use of IABP, n (%) | 108 (7.2) | 66 (5.2) | 42 (16.7) | <0.001 |
Use of ECMO, n (%) | 6 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (1.6) | 0.009 |
Use of CPB, n (%) | 244 (16.2) | 168 (13.4) | 76 (30.3) | <0.001 |
Use of epinephrine, n (%) | 353 (23.4) | 264 (21.0) | 89 (35.5) | <0.001 |
Use of norepinephrine, n (%) | 841 (55.7) | 703 (55.9) | 138 (55.0) | 0.793 |
Use of isoprenaline, n (%) | 87 (5.8) | 64 (5.1) | 23 (9.2) | 0.011 |
Use of dopamine, n (%) | 1280 (84.8) | 1070 (85.1) | 210 (83.7) | 0.575 |
Use of cephalosporin, n (%) | 1235 (81.8) | 1048 (83.3) | 187 (74.5) | 0.001 |
Operation time (h)* | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | 0.099 |
Operation urine output (×100ml)* | 12 (12) | 12 (13) | 10 (13) | 0.003 |
Operation bleeding volume (×100ml)* | 8 (4) | 8 (4) | 8 (4) | 0.112 |
Operation total liquid intake (×100ml)* | 25.0 (9.3) | 25.0 (9.5) | 24.0 (8.0) | 0.002 |