Table 1 Characteristics of observational studies included in the meta-analysis (n = 22)
Study | Country | CEA, n | Symptomatic patients, n (%) | DM, n (%) | Age, mean (SD) | Female gender, n (%) | Investigated Domains | POCD Assessment criteria | Time of Preoperative Assessment | Time of POCD Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhang et al. [10] | China | 84 | 24 (57.14) | 24 (28.57) | 65.05 (6.67) | 20 (23.81) | CIS | z scores | Before surgery | 1–2 ds |
Igarashi et al. [8] | Poland | 75 | 47 (62.67) | 26 (34.67) | 69 (6) | 2 (2.67) | VSA, LR-IQ, M | SD | 3 ds | 2Â ms |
Relander et al. [4] | Finland | 43 | 21 (48.8) | 23 (53.49) | – | 15 (34.88) | EF, M, LR-IQ | z scores | 1–2 ds | 3 ms |
Robison et al. [34] | USA | 576 | 232 (40.2) | 123 (21.4) | 70.7 (8.6) | 200 (34.8) | EF, M, LR-IQ, VSA | z scores | 24Â h | 24 hs |
Oksana et al. [7] | Russian | 446 | 361 (77) | 109 (23) | 63 (57–69) | 147 (31.54) | CIS | SD | 1 day | 24 hs |
Zhang et al. [20] | China | 36 | - | 25 (69) | 67 (9) | 11 (30.5) | CIS, EF, VSA | SD | Within 3 ds | 3 ds and 3Â ms |
Heyer et al., 2015 [35] | USA | 585 | 237 (40.5) | 125 (21.4) | Â | 206 (35.2) | EF, M, A, VSA | z scores | Before surgery | 24 hs and 1Â m |
Heyer et al. [36] | USA | 411 | 171 (41.6) | 85 (20.7) | – | 139 (33.8) | EF, M, A, VSA | z scores | Before surgery | 24 hs and 1 m |
Sussman et al. [37] | USA | 38 | 18 (60.5) | 2 (5.2) | – | 16 (42.1) | EF, M, L, VSA | z scores | Before surgery | 1d |
Heyer et al. [38] | USA | 162 | − | – | – | – | M, VSA, EF | z scores | Before surgery | 1d |
Saito et al. [39] | Japan | 100 | 64 (64) | 37 (37) | 68 (6) | 11 (11) | VSA, LR-IQ, M | SD | Within 7 ds | 1Â m |
Takahashi et al. [40] | Japan | 37 | 37 (100) | 9 (24) | 78.4 (2.2) | 4 (10) | VSA, LR-IQ, M | SD | 7ds | 7ds |
Yoshida et al., 2012 [41] | Japan | 213 | 138 (64.8) | 71 (33.3) | 68.1 (5.8) | 15 (7) | LR-IQ, M, VSA | SD | Within 7 ds | 1–2 ms |
Nanba et al. [17] | Japan | 70 | 50 (71.4) | 27 (38.7) | 67.9 (7.6) | 7 (10) | LR-IQ, M | SD | Before surgery | 1Â m |
Gaudet et al. [42] | USA | 64 | 9 (14.1) | 11 (17.1) | 73 | 17 (26.6) | L, M, A, EF | z score | Before surgery | 24 hs |
Chida et al. [43] | Japan | 60 | 37 (61.7) | 21 (35) | 68.6 (6.8) | 4 (6.7) | VSA, LR-IQ, M | SD | Before surgery | 1Â m |
Soinne et al., 2009 [44] | Finland | 44 | 21 (47.7) | 8 (35) | 65.3 (8.4) | 16 (36.4) | L, M, A, EF | z scores | 1Â d | 5 ds, 102 ds |
Hirooka et al. [18] | Japan | 158 | 111 (70.2) | – | 67.2 (6.5) | 8 (5) | VSA, LR-IQ, M | SD | Before surgery | 1 m |
Mocco et al. [28] | USA | 153 | 63 (41.2) | 38 (24.8) | 69.8 ± 8.5 | 47 (30.7) | L, EF, A, VSA | z scores | Before surgery | 1 d and 1 m |
Ogasawara et al. [45] | Japan | 92 | 50 (54.3) | 31 (33.7) | 67.7 (5.5) | 11 (12) | VSA, LR-IQ, M | SD | 1Â m | 1Â m |
Sahlein et al. [46] | USA | 43 | 21 (48.8) | 11 (26) | 70.2 (8.2) | 15 (35) | A, EF, L, VSA | z scores | – | 1d |
Connolly et al. 47] | USA | 53 | 18 (34) | 12 (22.6) | – | 20 (37.7) | L, EF, A, VSA | z scores | Before surgery | 1d |