Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
References | Country | Design | Study period | Group | Cases | Sex (M/F) | Age | Smoking | Comorbidity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | Diabetes | Coronary heart disease | COPD | |||||||||
Dong et al. [9] | China | R | 2019 | DG | 20 | 4/16 | 36.3 ± 11.7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
|  |  |  |  | NG | 28 | 7/21 | 43.8 ± 13.2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Patel et al. [4] | USA | R | 2011–2019 | DG | 854 | 348/506 | 66.9 ± 2.5 | 223 | 484 | 147 | 0 | 129 |
|  |  |  |  | NG | 16,064 | 6668/9394 | 67.9 ± 3.5 | 5396 | 9521 | 2610 | 75 | 3364 |
Drawbert et al. [2] | USA | R | 2010–2015 | DG | 3819 | 1626/2193 | 68.5 ± 6.7 | – | – | – | – | – |
|  |  |  |  | NG | 3819 | 1613/2206 | 68.7 ± 4.8 | – | – | – | – | – |
Linden et al. [7] | USA | R | 2012–2017 | DG | 1821 | 773/1048 | 66 ± 3.5 | – | 1047 | 323 | 290 | 544 |
|  |  |  |  | NG | 44,504 | 19,180/25323 | 68 ± 5.9 | – | 27,226 | 8318 | 9034 | 15,816 |
Dong et al. [6] | China | R | 2020–2021 | DG | 136 | 25/111 | 43.30 ± 9.26 | 10 | 2 | 2 | – | 0 |
|  |  |  |  | NG | 217 | 40/177 | 42.76 ± 10.66 | 18 | 5 | 3 | – | 0 |
Towe et al. [8] | USA | R | 2007–2017 | DG | 448 | 204/244 | 62.3 ± 7.65 | – | 206 | 56 | 57 | – |
|  |  |  |  | NG | 613 | 273/340 | 64.87 ± 8.15 | – | 326 | 109 | 110 | – |
Geraci et al. [10] | USA | R | 2018–2020 | DG | 134 | 48/86 | 68.5 ± 6.7 | 72 | 60 | 18 | 14 | 7 |
|  |  |  |  | NG | 119 | 50/69 | 70.2 ± 7.8 | 50 | 75 | 33 | 18 | 9 |