Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Fig. 2

From: Systematic review of first-in-human and early phase clinical trials for surgically implantable biological mitral valve substitutes

Fig. 2

The timeline illustrates the commercialization and commencement of trials for First-In-Human (FIH) and early clinical assessments of heart valve prostheses spanning from 1950 to 2018. The upper section represents the evolution of mechanical heart valve prostheses, while the lower section showcases various biological mitral prostheses. Mechanical prostheses are grouped into four categories: (i) Ball in valve/cage (sky blue), (ii) Non-tilting disk (green), (iii) Tilting disk (yellow), (iv) Bileaflet (red). Biological prostheses are classified into six categories: (i) Autografts (blue), (ii) Homografts (orange), (iii) Porcine (purple), iv) Pericardial (ash), (v) Sutureless (pink), and (vi) Stentless (light green). NB: *indicates currently discontinued, and ^signifies currently available

Back to article page

Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery

ISSN: 1749-8090

Contact us