Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with tracheal stenosis (n = 60)
From: Nonmalignant tracheal stenosis: presentation, management and outcome in limited resources setting
Sex | Male | 46 (76.7%) |
Female | 14 (23.3%) | |
Comorbidities | Diabetes mellitus | 2 (3.3%) |
HIV | 2 (3.3%) | |
Tuberculosis | 2 (3.3%) | |
Immunosuppressive disease on steroids | 1 (1.7%) | |
Cause of stenosis | Post intubation | 56 (93.3%) |
Neck injury | 2 (3.3%) | |
Caustic injury | 1 (1.7%) | |
Tuberculosis | 1 (1.7%) | |
Reason for previous intubation | Traumatic Brain Injury | 20 (35.7) |
ARDS or Sepsis | 10 (17.8%) | |
Suicidal attempt | 5 (9.9%) | |
Burn | 3 (5.4%) | |
After surgery | 3 (5.4%) | |
GBS | 3 (5.4%) | |
Stroke | 2 (3.6%) | |
Complicated COVID 19 | 2 (3.6%) | |
Generalized tetanus | 2 (3.6%) | |
Status epilepticus | 2 (3.6%) | |
Eclampsia | 2 (3.6%) | |
Medical coma | 2 (3.6%) | |
Meningitis | 1 (1.8%) | |
Tracheoesophageal fistula | Present | 4 (6.7%) |
Absent | 56 (93.3%) | |
Grade of stenosis | Grade 1 | 0(0.0) |
Grade 2 | 7 (11.7) | |
Grade 3 | 24 (40.0) | |
Grade 4 | 24 (40.0) | |
Grade 5 | 5(8.3) | |
Location | Upper third of trachea | 49 (81.7) |
Mid third of trachea | 10(16.7) | |
Lower third of trachea | 1(1.7) * | |
Right main bronchus | 1(1.7) * | |
Left main bronchus | 0(0.0) |