Fig. 1

Preoperative and intraoperative clinical images of the patient. (A) Preoperative chest CT showed right encapsulated pleural effusion and pleural thickening (red arrow). The chest wall sinus was connected to the thoracic cavity (red arrow). (B) The design of preoperative chest incision and the pedicled pectoralis major muscle flap harvested during the operation. (C) Design of preoperative right lower limb incision and the vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap harvested during the operation. (D) Complete the anastomosis of vascular and nerve under the microscope