Fig. 1

(a) The CT angiocardiography image showing the calcification of the ascending aorta and the arch (arrow) in sagittal and axial views (A and B). Patient-specific reconstruction of the aortic and lesion 3-D model: (b) segmented surface model of the aorta and the calcification region; (c) 3-D printed model of the aorta with vessel mimicking soft texture; and (d) digital surface model of the vessel aorta digital resection